Objective 1: Identify the drivers for emergence of ASF and LSD in Europe
• Potential disease risk factors were identified for ASF and LSD and a risk framework based on a novel participatory risk assessment system (PRMNAD) was developed to provide spatial indications of disease occurrence risk. The risk framework enables risk ranking and
mapping of potential disease occurrences, and aid in allocating valuable resources for transboundary animal disease control situations.
• Whole genome sequencing methodologies for LSD and ASF have been refined, and full genomes of LSDV isolates and ASFV isolates have been sequenced. Polymorphisms have been identified and used to better understand the spread of the viruses in the field, and to
review currently available molecular diagnostic methods.
• Fieldwork has been carried out in border regions of six countries and information was gathered on cross-border movements of people, live animals, and animal products as well as socio-economic factors and policy frames. Evidence-based recommendations to tackle the
spreading of animal disease in these regions have been formulated.
Objective 2: Understand the fundamental biology of LSDV
• A limited number of Stomoxys calcitrans flies are sufficient for transmission of LSDV from affected to naïve cattle. In addition, S. calcitrans flies can spread LSDV from subclinically infected cattle to naïve cattle
• LSD results in long term shedding of LSDV in semen. The presence of the virus in the semen is associated with very poor semen quality.
• LSDV survives some treatments of meat and skin products, with implications for export of animal products from LSDV-affected areas.
Objective 3: Develop tools for the management of ASF and LSD
• A decision tool for the evaluation of the risk of introducing ASFV into pig farms (both commerical and backyard) has been developed and evaluated.
• Mathematical models which simulate ASF in a wild boar population have been developed and used to identify the role of different factors on the progression on the disease.
• The immune response of cattle infected with LSDV has been characterised in detail. This information has been used to develop better tools for the serodiagnosis of LSD and design better vaccines.
• The serological response of cattle to LSDV vaccination has been characterised in detail, with particular focus on the impact of multiple vaccination doses.
Exploitation and dissemination
The results of the project have been disseminated and communicated via social media, the DEFEND website, scientific publications, and conference presentations. Outputs have also been directly disseminated to stakeholders and potential end-users such as policy makers and NGOs.
