Description du projet
Adieu les biopsies, bonjour la «microscopie» in vivo pour les diagnostics non invasifs du cancer
Les techniques d’imagerie non invasives in vivo ont révolutionné notre capacité à collecter des données importantes, aussi bien pour la recherche qu’en contexte clinique. Nous pouvons non seulement étudier l’anatomie et la physiologie chez des sujets alertes et actifs, mais également y parvenir sans générer la détresse, l’inconfort et les potentielles complications liées aux procédures invasives. Toutefois, la biopsie de tissus excisés reste la référence absolue en matière de diagnostic du cancer. Le projet GSYNCOR, financé par l’UE, entend changer cet état de fait. L’équipe s’intéressera à une technique d’imagerie non invasive dont la complexité et le coût constituent les principaux inconvénients, et cherchera à améliorer ces points. Les scientifiques prévoient d’améliorer les performances de la méthode de manière significative tout en réduisant sa complexité et son coût, ainsi qu’en ouvrant la voie à son utilisation par du personnel non spécialisé. Les diagnostics de tumeur en temps réel, non invasifs et hautement précis sont peut-être pour très bientôt.
Objectif
The current standard of tumour diagnostics is histopathology, where excisions are taken from the tissue of a diseased patient, followed by staining and visual inspection. The process is time-consuming, costly, with low sensitivity and specificity. The results are subjective and qualitative, heavily depending on the judgement of the doctor. Spontaneous Raman microscopy is a label-free and non-invasive imaging technique, which enables to obtain objective and quantitative information on the tissue, by measuring its detailed molecular composition. It has proven capability to discriminate between healthy and tumour tissue and to identify the type and grade of tumour. Its main drawback is the very weak Raman signal, resulting in slow acquisition speed. This means that acquisition of a complete image would take up to several hours, prohibiting real-time and in vivo imaging.
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) generates the signal from a coherent superposition of the molecules in the tissue, illuminated by two synchronized ultrashort light pulses of different colour, thus improving by several orders of magnitude the acquisition speed. This enables real-time, in vivo imaging of the tissue allowing doctors to make informed diagnostic and/or therapeutic decisions immediately. The main hurdle of CRS microscopy, which has prevented its widespread adoption in a clinical setting, is the complexity and the high cost of the illuminating laser system, which is bulky and requires handling by specialized personnel.
GSYNCOR aims to drastically simplify the laser system used for CRS microscopy, increasing its reliability and reducing its cost by exploiting the ultrafast and broadband nonlinear optical response of graphene. This enables not only pulsed (mode-locked) operation of a laser system, but also to passively synchronize two different lasers, generating the dual-wavelength pulses required for CRS. This will enable the uptake of CRS as a disruptive biomedical imaging technology.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-POC - Proof of Concept GrantInstitution d’accueil
CB2 1TN Cambridge
Royaume-Uni