Projecting global biodiversity responses from first biological principles

Descripción del proyecto

El cambio climático y su impacto en la biodiversidad

Las productividad y las tasas de crecimiento de los bosques, los cultivos y la vegetación silvestre de todo el mundo han aumentado gradualmente debido a la concentración de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en el aire. Dado que estas concentraciones siguen en ascenso, es probable que las plantas respondan creciendo de forma más vigorosa y que amplíen su variedad. Para contar con unas proyecciones realistas sobre los efectos biológicos del cambio climático, se requiere un marco unificado capaz de integrar avances de distintas áreas de investigación. El proyecto financiado con fondos europeos SCALE tiene como objetivo examinar detenidamente cómo los mecanismos de transferencia de calor y agua determinan las pautas globales de la riqueza de las especies y las adaptaciones térmicas de los ectotermos terrestres, un grupo especialmente vulnerable al cambio mundial.

Objetivo

Realistic projections of the biological impacts of climate change require a unified framework capable of integrating advances from distinct research areas such as ecophysiology, behavioural ecology, and biogeography. Mechanistic modelling in macroecology arises as a promising framework to address this challenge, because it aims at describing biodiversity patterns from biophysical, physiological, and behavioural processes determining the way organisms interact with their environment. In this project, I will investigate how heat- and water-transfer mechanisms determine global patterns of species richness and thermal adaptations of terrestrial ectotherms, a group that is especially vulnerable to global change. The specific objectives of this proposal are (1) to investigate how temperature regulation and water availability constraint global patterns of species richness of reptiles and amphibians; (2) investigate how temperature regulation influences patterns of variation of thermal tolerance across macroclimatic gradients; and finally, (3) forecast the response of these patterns to future climatic conditions. To achieve these objectives, I will combine cutting-edge biophysical models of heat- and water-transfer pathways between ectotherms and their environment, with empirical data on species’ geographical ranges and thermal tolerance traits obtained from the literature. Ultimately, this proposal will contribute to the emerging field of mechanistic modelling in macroecology, providing methods to integrate multiple sources of biological information, and techniques to forecast the organismal responses to climate change. The training in geographical analysis of mechanistic models will boost my development as an independent and innovative frontline researcher in macroecology in the EU.