Description du projet
Les odeurs vont bien plus loin que le bout du nez
L’odorat est vital pour les animaux et les humains pour détecter les produits chimiques dans leur environnement. Il influe sur la prise alimentaire, la reproduction et le comportement social. Par exemple, les signaux chimiques sociaux (signaux olfactifs de l’urine ou des sécrétions corporelles) sont des signaux de communication efficaces véhiculant des informations importantes comme la propriété du territoire, la localisation des ressources et l’identité. Le projet sociOlfa, financé par l’UE, étudiera les mécanismes à l’échelle du cerveau qui sous-tendent la contribution des signaux chimiques sociaux à la mémoire spatiale et sociale chez la souris. À l’aide de méthodes et de technologies informatiques avancées, le projet étudiera le mécanisme de consolidation de la mémoire spatiale, suivra les substrats cérébraux de l’identité des individus chez la souris et testera si une coordination entre les réseaux olfactifs et de la mémoire est essentielle à la formation d’une mémoire de reconnaissance sociale.
Objectif
Olfaction is a central sensory modality in most Mammals as it supports vital functions such as feeding, mating and social interactions. Social chemosignals (olfactory cues from urine or body secretions) are efficient communication cues carrying important information such as territory ownership, resources’ locations and identity. Remembering such information is a key advantage for individuals allowing them to adapt their behaviors based on prior experience. However, how social chemosignals are processed and stored in the brain for future recall is still unclear.
This project aims at identifying the brain-wide mechanisms underlying the contribution of social chemosignals to spatial and social memory in the mouse. The hippocampus is a key brain region for these two fundamental memory functions and it shares direct anatomical connections with the olfactory system that processes social odors. Using advanced computational methods and cutting-edge technologies that enable recording and manipulating large neuronal ensembles in freely moving mice, we will:
- shed light on the mechanisms of spatial memory consolidation: we hypothesize that a dialog between the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus during sleep underlies the memory of an environment marked by social scents.
- track the brain substrates of individuals’ identity in mice and their dependence on olfactory inputs: we hypothesize that during social learning, the response of neuronal circuits (1) reflects the unique olfactory signature of the encountered individual, and that (2) it changes as this individual becomes familiar.
- test whether a coordination between olfactory and memory networks is essential to the formation of social recognition memory.
Overall, this project will provide important insights on the network mechanisms of memory function and will contribute to our understanding of social behaviors.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
75794 Paris
France