Project description
Microorganisms form the bridge between fertilisers and greenhouse gas emissions
Much as water cycles from the atmosphere to the Earth and back into the atmosphere, so does nitrogen. Large natural flows of nitrogen move from the atmosphere into terrestrial and marine ecosystems where nitrogen fixation reduces them to ammonium compounds. Ammonia oxidation is then required for nutrient turnover. It also results in greenhouse gas production. Although ammonia oxidation has been widely studied, only recently have scientists discovered novel ammonia-oxidising microorganisms. As widespread use of nitrogen-rich fertilisers has significantly increased nitrous oxide release, understanding these enigmatic microorganisms is critical to accurately model climate change. The EU-funded UNITY project is studying these microorganisms with a focus on illuminating unifying concepts that link enzymes underlying nitrogen turnover to impacts on ecology and ecosystems.
Objective
The global nitrogen cycle is of fundamental importance for our climate as well as agriculture, and both are facing significant threats due to environmental change. Anthropogenic input of synthetic ammonia-based fertilisers has a profound impact on the nitrogen cycle. Most soil ecosystems globally are nitrogen limited, necessitating ammonia-based fertiliser to achieve sufficient crop yield to feed the world’s growing population. However, circa 70% of fertiliser is lost through the activity of ammonia oxidising microorganisms, which contribute to the emission of the extremely damaging greenhouse gas nitrous oxide – a molecule with a global warming potential 300 times that of CO2, and also the most important ozone-depleting gas.
Ammonia oxidising microorganisms are ubiquitous, highly abundant organisms. Despite their ubiquity and major environmental importance, they are some of the least well-understood microorganisms in the global nitrogen cycle. Several challenges contribute to the lack of our understanding: (1) Ammonia oxidisers are difficult to cultivate, (2) the molecular mechanisms driving their adaptation to different environments are poorly characterised, and (3) links between their cellular and physiological traits and the rates of nitrogen turnover are not understood. Consequently, it is difficult to interpret the ecological and environmental significance of many research findings. This research programme will bridge the gaps in our understanding of terrestrial nitrogen cycling using a combination of highly innovative methods. My research programme aims to reveal functions of uncultivated ammonia oxidisers and determine the important but overlooked role of cellular traits in nitrogen cycling rates in terrestrial environments. This study will provide a holistic framework of terrestrial nitrogen cycling from molecules to ecosystems and will deliver a major advance towards balancing the global nitrogen cycle.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- natural sciences biological sciences ecology ecosystems
- agricultural sciences agriculture, forestry, and fisheries agriculture
- natural sciences biological sciences microbiology
- natural sciences biological sciences biochemistry biomolecules proteins enzymes
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Keywords
Project’s keywords as indicated by the project coordinator. Not to be confused with the EuroSciVoc taxonomy (Fields of science)
Project’s keywords as indicated by the project coordinator. Not to be confused with the EuroSciVoc taxonomy (Fields of science)
Programme(s)
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
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H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC)
MAIN PROGRAMME
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Topic(s)
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Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
Funding Scheme
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
ERC-STG - Starting Grant
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Call for proposal
Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
(opens in new window) ERC-2019-STG
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Net EU financial contribution. The sum of money that the participant receives, deducted by the EU contribution to its linked third party. It considers the distribution of the EU financial contribution between direct beneficiaries of the project and other types of participants, like third-party participants.
NR4 7TJ NORWICH
United Kingdom
The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.