The lung's primary function is to oxygenate the blood, which is accomplished by coordinating multiple processes within the lungs. The airways transport air to the alveoli, while the pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the alveoli. The oxygenated blood reaches the heart through the pulmonary veins, and the heart then circulates the blood into the systemic circulation. The pulmonary artery and vein, collectively referred to as the pulmonary vessels, perform an essential function in oxygenating blood. Problems with the pulmonary vessel have a devastating effect on human health and occasionally even result in mortality. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease that affects the function of the pulmonary vessels. During the disease, smooth muscles in the pulmonary vessel begin to proliferate, causing the vessel to close, eventually obstructing the pulmonary vessel and causing an accumulation of pressure in the heart, at which point the heart ceases to function. One of the primary causes of PAH is the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. PAH is a progressive disease that typically affects the elderly. Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PPAH) could also develop in neonates and children, according to research conducted over the past ten years, although it is unclear how PPAH is developing. PAH is a devastating disease; despite significant advances in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there are still obstacles to reaching optimal outcomes. Ambrisentan, tadalafil, and treprostinil, which target the endothelin, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin pathways, respectively, are the only approved remedies for PAH patients that provide symptomatic relief. In the field of pulmonary hypertension, effective and curative therapeutic interventions still need investigation. Even though PAH and PPAH share a similar system, the causes of these diseases appear distinct. The greatest challenge in our laboratory was determining 1) the distinction between PAH and PPAH and 2) the causes of PPAH development. This project's overarching objective was comprehensively comprehending the PAH and PPAH therapy envelope. In addition, by researching PAH and PPAH, we gain an in-depth understanding of how pulmonary vessels form after birth, a topic that has been neglected for decades. This knowledge will aid in developing a treatment for PAH and several other pulmonary diseases.
