Periodic Reporting for period 3 - HADRIAN (Holistic Approach for Driver Role Integration and Automation Allocation for European Mobility Needs)
Reporting period: 2022-06-01 to 2023-05-31
The overall objective of the HADRIAN project is to find solutions to increase the safety, acceptance, and trust of users of automated driving vehicles, especially when transitioning between use cases. Throughout the course of the project, the HADRIAN partners have investigated various solutions for this purpose, mostly using driving simulation research where these innovations were designed, tested, and iterated. Toward the end of the project, the HADRIAN partners then implemented these innovations in real vehicles to not only demonstrate their realistic technical feasibility of the innovations but also confirm their expected benefit in realistic scenarios in real vehicles.
The specific purpose of the vehicle demonstrations was to:
1. Demonstrate and measure user benefits of the HADRIAN innovations
2. Prove the technical feasibility of the HADRIAN innovations
3. Demonstrate the HADRIAN innovations functionality
For this purpose, several HADRIAN innovations have been integrated in three different real demonstrator vehicles and demonstrated them with altogether 32 participants.
The demonstration results confirm the HADRIAN main tenets:
1) expanding the prediction horizon of automated vehicles can increase user acceptance and perceived benefits.
2) fluid computer interactions that adapt to the state and behaviour of the driver can increase the safety, acceptance, and trust of when drivers transition between automated driving use cases.
3) that driver tutoring can effectively increase the skills and competences of drivers and therefore further increase the safe and acceptable use of automated driving vehicles.
The demonstrators were presented at the HADRIAN final event and are now available for exploitation beyond the HADRIAN project.
The Horizon 2020 funded project “HADRIAN – Holistic Approach for Driver Role Integration and Automation Allocation for European Mobility Needs” was completed, as planned, in May 2023. Thereby, the project achieved and exceeded the project objectives within the initially planned time of 42 months and within its budget.
The specific purpose of the vehicle demonstrations was to:
1. Demonstrate and measure user benefits of the HADRIAN innovations
2. Prove the technical feasibility of the HADRIAN innovations
3. Demonstrate the HADRIAN innovations functionality
For this purpose, several HADRIAN innovations have been integrated in three different real demonstrator vehicles and demonstrated them with altogether 32 participants.
The demonstration results confirm the HADRIAN main tenets:
1) expanding the prediction horizon of automated vehicles can increase user acceptance and perceived benefits.
2) fluid computer interactions that adapt to the state and behaviour of the driver can increase the safety, acceptance, and trust of when drivers transition between automated driving use cases.
3) that driver tutoring can effectively increase the skills and competences of drivers and therefore further increase the safe and acceptable use of automated driving vehicles.
The demonstrators were presented at the HADRIAN final event and are now available for exploitation beyond the HADRIAN project.
The Horizon 2020 funded project “HADRIAN – Holistic Approach for Driver Role Integration and Automation Allocation for European Mobility Needs” was completed, as planned, in May 2023. Thereby, the project achieved and exceeded the project objectives within the initially planned time of 42 months and within its budget.
Within the project a standardized set of driving simulators for researchers for all partners (SCANer Studio) has been designed. The consortium performed 22 empirical studies in driving simulators across Europe and Turkey with overall 863 human participants.
• Driver monitoring systems (235 participants)
• Initial design iterations of fluid HMI (419 participants)
• Final evaluations of fluid HMI (209 participants)
Additionally, a field study on the impact of different types of non-driving related activities on automated driving at Level 3 were conducted and results were presented and published.
HADRIAN innovations have been demonstrated with 32 participants on tests tracks and open road environment.
HADRIAN project has achieved international recognition for important research on automated driving systems that integrate human drivers, vehicles, and road infrastructure. The communication and dissemination of knowledge at several conferences and the several clustering activities have made the project visible. This is made possible by dissemination efforts of all partners supported by workshops and regular meetings (online and F2F), intensive joint work on task level, scientific publications (all in all 64 publications, 59 of them are peer-reviewed: 44 conference papers, 14 Journal papers, 5 Thesis/Dissertation, 1 chapter in a book) at conferences and speeches. All available publications are open access on the HADRIAN website and Zenodo – both platforms are updated continuously.
HADRIAN partners are also bringing the results and insights from the studies to respective standardization and international working groups. The consortium briefed the key HADRIAN outcomes to the responsible German committee for standardization NA052-00-39-08 AK on March 2023, an organization that rates the safety of new vehicles. In addition, the HADRIAN consortium presented results from the HADRIAN project to the Occupant State Monitoring (OSM) of EuroNCAP in February 2023.
Each partner of HADRIAN project has vital interest to exploit HADRIAN results and achievements on individual level and plan to take the according steps to implement the outcomes into their own products, share the knowledge via publications and to transfer the outcomes and lessons learned into new and/or follow-up projects.
• Driver monitoring systems (235 participants)
• Initial design iterations of fluid HMI (419 participants)
• Final evaluations of fluid HMI (209 participants)
Additionally, a field study on the impact of different types of non-driving related activities on automated driving at Level 3 were conducted and results were presented and published.
HADRIAN innovations have been demonstrated with 32 participants on tests tracks and open road environment.
HADRIAN project has achieved international recognition for important research on automated driving systems that integrate human drivers, vehicles, and road infrastructure. The communication and dissemination of knowledge at several conferences and the several clustering activities have made the project visible. This is made possible by dissemination efforts of all partners supported by workshops and regular meetings (online and F2F), intensive joint work on task level, scientific publications (all in all 64 publications, 59 of them are peer-reviewed: 44 conference papers, 14 Journal papers, 5 Thesis/Dissertation, 1 chapter in a book) at conferences and speeches. All available publications are open access on the HADRIAN website and Zenodo – both platforms are updated continuously.
HADRIAN partners are also bringing the results and insights from the studies to respective standardization and international working groups. The consortium briefed the key HADRIAN outcomes to the responsible German committee for standardization NA052-00-39-08 AK on March 2023, an organization that rates the safety of new vehicles. In addition, the HADRIAN consortium presented results from the HADRIAN project to the Occupant State Monitoring (OSM) of EuroNCAP in February 2023.
Each partner of HADRIAN project has vital interest to exploit HADRIAN results and achievements on individual level and plan to take the according steps to implement the outcomes into their own products, share the knowledge via publications and to transfer the outcomes and lessons learned into new and/or follow-up projects.
The project investigated a three-pronged, holistic approach to define safe and acceptable human driver roles for automated driving. The three-pronged approach that beyond vehicles also included the road infrastructure and human driver skills and competences, could be implemented in the project and was tested in a field-demonstration. It achieved higher levels of acceptance and perceived safety than automated driving at a comparable baseline condition.
This forms the basis for the holistic approach to come to reality. As we live in a highly segregated world along established communication and organizational channels, it requires the kind of benefits are needed to move toward establishing the holistic structures needed to create a holistic system where road infrastructure, vehicle manufacturers, and driver education and training work jointly toward a solution.
The word holistic is often used in the context when we have to change our view from local considerations of what immediately surrounds us now and our experiences in the past toward a view that leads into the future. Such future is often seen as a joint endeavour that requires different stakeholders to work together for common benefit. Similarly, automated driving vehicles that will be able to meet the mobility needs of real people will need to go beyond the relatively disconnected boxes that drive around today. In the past and today, the disconnected boxes were controlled by human drivers who took care of avoiding the complex conflicts that exist on open road environments. Automated driving vehicles until today have to rely on humans to deconflict unforeseen conflicts which causes unacceptable safety risks and limited use for drivers. The HADRIAN project has shown one way to shift this problem and move toward more acceptable automated driving experiences that are more reliable, available, but also increased safety. The realization of the vision that was set forth in HADRIAN will require significant changes, but the first steps have been successfully implemented: that it is possible and how this can be done.
In addition, an integrated f-HMI was achieved and succeeded, as several studies integrated different HMIs for a combined evaluation.
This final version of the HADRIAN f-HMI consists of several interfaces developed by the partners, which include:
• A tutoring system, based on audiovisual content before the drive, and verbal feedback during the drive.
• A HUD based on the 2D HUD, with some AR features.
• Ambient lighting distributed along the windshield and NDRA tablet.
• Haptic feedback in the steering wheel.
• A truck-specific display
• A turning seat
• Audio-visual support interface with spatial sounds.
This forms the basis for the holistic approach to come to reality. As we live in a highly segregated world along established communication and organizational channels, it requires the kind of benefits are needed to move toward establishing the holistic structures needed to create a holistic system where road infrastructure, vehicle manufacturers, and driver education and training work jointly toward a solution.
The word holistic is often used in the context when we have to change our view from local considerations of what immediately surrounds us now and our experiences in the past toward a view that leads into the future. Such future is often seen as a joint endeavour that requires different stakeholders to work together for common benefit. Similarly, automated driving vehicles that will be able to meet the mobility needs of real people will need to go beyond the relatively disconnected boxes that drive around today. In the past and today, the disconnected boxes were controlled by human drivers who took care of avoiding the complex conflicts that exist on open road environments. Automated driving vehicles until today have to rely on humans to deconflict unforeseen conflicts which causes unacceptable safety risks and limited use for drivers. The HADRIAN project has shown one way to shift this problem and move toward more acceptable automated driving experiences that are more reliable, available, but also increased safety. The realization of the vision that was set forth in HADRIAN will require significant changes, but the first steps have been successfully implemented: that it is possible and how this can be done.
In addition, an integrated f-HMI was achieved and succeeded, as several studies integrated different HMIs for a combined evaluation.
This final version of the HADRIAN f-HMI consists of several interfaces developed by the partners, which include:
• A tutoring system, based on audiovisual content before the drive, and verbal feedback during the drive.
• A HUD based on the 2D HUD, with some AR features.
• Ambient lighting distributed along the windshield and NDRA tablet.
• Haptic feedback in the steering wheel.
• A truck-specific display
• A turning seat
• Audio-visual support interface with spatial sounds.