The project investigated a three-pronged, holistic approach to define safe and acceptable human driver roles for automated driving. The three-pronged approach that beyond vehicles also included the road infrastructure and human driver skills and competences, could be implemented in the project and was tested in a field-demonstration. It achieved higher levels of acceptance and perceived safety than automated driving at a comparable baseline condition.
This forms the basis for the holistic approach to come to reality. As we live in a highly segregated world along established communication and organizational channels, it requires the kind of benefits are needed to move toward establishing the holistic structures needed to create a holistic system where road infrastructure, vehicle manufacturers, and driver education and training work jointly toward a solution.
The word holistic is often used in the context when we have to change our view from local considerations of what immediately surrounds us now and our experiences in the past toward a view that leads into the future. Such future is often seen as a joint endeavour that requires different stakeholders to work together for common benefit. Similarly, automated driving vehicles that will be able to meet the mobility needs of real people will need to go beyond the relatively disconnected boxes that drive around today. In the past and today, the disconnected boxes were controlled by human drivers who took care of avoiding the complex conflicts that exist on open road environments. Automated driving vehicles until today have to rely on humans to deconflict unforeseen conflicts which causes unacceptable safety risks and limited use for drivers. The HADRIAN project has shown one way to shift this problem and move toward more acceptable automated driving experiences that are more reliable, available, but also increased safety. The realization of the vision that was set forth in HADRIAN will require significant changes, but the first steps have been successfully implemented: that it is possible and how this can be done.
In addition, an integrated f-HMI was achieved and succeeded, as several studies integrated different HMIs for a combined evaluation.
This final version of the HADRIAN f-HMI consists of several interfaces developed by the partners, which include:
• A tutoring system, based on audiovisual content before the drive, and verbal feedback during the drive.
• A HUD based on the 2D HUD, with some AR features.
• Ambient lighting distributed along the windshield and NDRA tablet.
• Haptic feedback in the steering wheel.
• A truck-specific display
• A turning seat
• Audio-visual support interface with spatial sounds.
