Description du projet
Accélérer le passage de l’agriculture conventionnelle à l’agriculture biologique
La demande alimentaire mondiale est en augmentation rapide. Il a été montré que, si l’on utilise uniquement les terres actuellement disponibles, la production devra doubler pour nourrir une population mondiale croissante. Cela implique une intensification plus poussée de l’agriculture. Le projet SOFT, financé par l’UE, cherchera à savoir comment raccourcir la période de transition entre l’agriculture classique et un type d’agriculture plus biologique. Il vérifiera en particulier si l’inoculation est capable de tenir ses promesses en tant qu’outil d’accélération de cette transition vers des cultures biologiques tout en conservant les hauts rendements des exploitations conventionnelles. Le projet cherchera à savoir également si elle peut aider à surmonter les «effets de l’historique du sol» dus à l’appauvrissement des communautés pédologiques. Une chronoséquence sera prélevée dans des champs d’agriculteurs (passés de l’agriculture conventionnelle à l’agriculture biologique) aux Pays-Bas.
Objectif
A key challenge for sustainable intensification of agriculture is to reduce hunger and poverty by producing increasing amounts of food, feed, and bioenergy for a growing world population, but with minimal loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In intensive conventional farming systems yields are high, but soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are often reduced, and soil food webs are simplified. Organic farming provides a more environmentally sustainable alternative, but it typically produces lower yields, particularly in early years after conversion.
In SOFT (Steering Organic Farming Transition), I will test if soil inoculation may be a promising tool to speed up the transition from high-yield conventional to high-yield organic agriculture and can help to overcome ‘soil legacy effects’ due to impoverished soil communities. First, I will use a chronosequence of farmers’ fields throughout The Netherlands that have been converted from conventional to organic farming to study the role that the structure of soil networks may have in soil functioning. Then, I will use soil collected from these sites to test the potential of soil inoculation to aid the transition of soil communities and coupling of soil networks in organic farming systems.
By revealing the potential of whole soil inoculation to regenerate soil networks, and how soil networks relate to functioning in agroecosystems, SOFT will be a ground-breaking advancement compared to current efforts to understand the transition from conventional to organic systems and may serve as a baseline for downstream manipulation studies in which certain soil communities may be engineered as inoculants to steer and speed-up this transition. Taken together, SOFT will contribute to establish new management practices that may help to shorten the transition period from conventional farming to a more organic type of farming that maintains high crop yields while having less negative environmental impacts.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
1011 JV AMSTERDAM
Pays-Bas