Description du projet
Le rôle de l’Europe dans le renforcement des réponses nationales face aux crimes de haine visant les personnes LGTB
Les personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles et transgenres (LGBT) sont vulnérables à la discrimination, aux harcèlements et même aux agressions physiques et verbales. Les lois de l’UE garantissent l’égalité de traitement pour toutes les personnes, indépendamment de leur orientation sexuelle, dans le contexte de l’emploi et de la formation professionnelle. Le droit à l’égalité et à la non-discrimination de toutes les personnes LGBT est garanti. Les pays de l’Europe du Sud-Est (ESE) ayant des résultats médiocres en matière d’égalité des personnes LGBT imposent désormais des peines plus sévères pour les crimes de haine contre les personnes LGBT. Le projet ENTER, financé par l’UE, étudiera le rôle de l’UE et d’autres organismes, tels que l’Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (OSCE), dans le renforcement des réponses nationales face aux crimes de haine. Il mènera deux études de cas, une en Géorgie et l’autre en Macédoine du Nord. Ces deux pays de l’ESE ont récemment introduit des lois relatives aux crimes de haine contre les personnes LGBT.
Objectif
Countering violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people is a priority for the European Commission, which recognises hate crimes as human rights violations. Increasing numbers of states are responding to this problem by imposing harsher penalties for anti-LGBT hate crimes. In Europe, such laws are being introduced in some South and East European (SEE) coun-tries with poor records in respect to LGBT equality. Most of them cannot, however, evidence that they actively use the new laws to prosecute hate crimes, which raises questions about their com-mitment and the factors behind the adoption of these laws. The introduction of anti-LGBT hate crime laws in some SEE countries follows the increasing attention paid to the issue at international level and coincides with the process of EU integration. It is unclear, however, what role, if any, bodies such as the European Union or the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe play in strengthening national responses to hate crime. Using an innovative methodology, which combines interviews enhanced by diagrams as stimuli, analysis of policy documents and doctrinal analysis, this socio-legal research project will develop a theoretically transferable model explaining how, when and why SEE states address anti-LGBT hate crime. Specifically, the research will illuminate how various actors, including non-governmental organisations, civil servants, scholars and international bodies, contribute to the introduction and enforcement of anti-LGBT hate crime laws. The project will focus on the case studies of Georgia and North Macedonia, two SEE countries which share the re-cent introduction of anti-LGBT hate crime laws but differ in the degree of enforcement. By borrowing from social movement theories and theories of Europeanisation, the research will address a global policy problem, as well as gaps in scholarship, by deepening our understanding of how, when and why states address anti-LGBT violence.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
1050 Bruxelles / Brussel
Belgique