Description du projet
De nouveaux modèles climatiques pour les planificateurs urbains
Les centres urbains enregistrent de plus grandes concentrations de polluants, et le centre des villes est généralement plus chaud que leurs périphéries. Comprendre la dynamique du climat urbain est essentiel pour les planificateurs urbains et les chercheurs qui étudient comment des variables telles que la température, l’humidité, le vent et le rayonnement sont modifiées par la morphologie urbaine. Le projet Urb-TWin, financé par l’UE, intégrera ces nouvelles connaissances dans un logiciel de système d’information géographique (QGIS) gratuit et libre. L’objectif consistera à le rendre facilement accessible pour les chercheurs travaillant sur des questions urbaines, ainsi que pour les planificateurs urbains. Par exemple, des modèles empiriques seront développés pour relier les valeurs de la température ambiante observée et celles de la vitesse du vent simulé aux indicateurs géographiques caractérisant un lieu observé ou simulé (distance par rapport à la façade des bâtiments, végétation ou densité de construction). Ces modèles seront également mis à disposition à des fins de recherche interdisciplinaire.
Objectif
Climate change induces warmer summers and more frequent and intense heat waves, increasing human mortality and energy demand for cooling purpose. This is particularly critical in urban areas where climate variables such as temperature, humidity, wind and radiation are modified by the urban morphology, the lack of pervious soils and the human activities. While the urban population is likely to grow, it is urgent to make cities cooler. The overall goal of my project is to determine the urban fabric characteristics (mainly the morphology, vegetation cover and land-type) affecting the air temperature and the wind speed spatial variability. This new knowledge will be integrated in the Geographical Information System software QGIS in order to make it easily available to researchers working with urban issues as well as urban planners. First, empirical models will be developed to relate observed air temperature and simulated wind speed values to geographical indicators characterizing an observed or a simulated location (e.g. distance to building facade, vegetation or building density, etc.). Second, these models will be integrated in the QGIS software and thus will be available for interdisciplinary research purposes. Third, I will investigate the coupling of the urban climate models with energy models devoted to building energy estimation or solar energy production which are developed by the University Savoie Mont-Blanc (USMB - partner organization).
The models developed during Urb-TWin will be useful for the urban climate research community since they could be used to speed up CFD simulations used in urban climate models. Moreover, they will also be available for urban planning applications from the widely known QGIS plat-form. Last, thanks to the Urb-TWin training and secondment, I will also increase my probability to get a permanent position as leader of an urban climate research axis at the partner organisation in the next years.
Champ scientifique
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringenergy and fuelsrenewable energysolar energy
- social sciencessociologydemographymortality
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencessoftwaresoftware applicationssystem software
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
405 30 Goeteborg
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