Description du projet
Identifier le coût de la pollution plastique
La pollution plastique constitue l’une des plus grandes menaces qui pèse sur notre environnement. Les plastiques sont présents jusque dans les recoins les plus reculés de notre planète, polluant même l’air que nous respirons. À mesure qu’ils se dégradent, ils produisent de minuscules particules que l’on appelle «nanoplastiques». Le projet NaPuE, financé par l’UE, étudiera la présence de nanoplastiques et leurs effets sur différents environnements. Qui plus est, il expliquera la manière dont ils perturbent différents processus naturels et en quoi leurs impacts diffèrent de ceux des plastiques de plus grande taille. Son objectif final est de permettre une meilleure évaluation de l’impact environnemental des nanoplastiques tout en contribuant à l’élaboration de stratégies de lutte contre la pollution.
Objectif
Plastics pollution is ubiquitous and plastic debris have been found almost everywhere from the Alps to Antarctica, and even in the atmosphere. The size of individual plastic particles spans several orders of magnitude, and many of them are in the micro- and nanometre range. Nanoplastics (NPs) can be produced through degradation of larger plastic pieces, or they can directly enter the environment by incorrect disposal. Little is known about NPs in the environment, and their occurrence in the oceans has only recently been demonstrated. Due to their small size and large surface-to-volume ratio, the interactions of NPs with naturally occurring chemical species can be significantly different compared to larger debris.
NaPuE will assess the environmental impact of NPs by determining how NPs can interact with abiotic components (e.g. oxidants, light, etc.) in seawater and in the atmosphere, and how these interactions can disrupt natural processes including seawater photochemistry and air-sea exchanges.
The first part of the project will use laboratory experiments to determine kinetic constants and degradation products for NPs reactions with both sunlight, and chemicals species in seawater and in the atmosphere. The second part will focus on developing a procedure to collect and analyse NPs in the environment, which is crucial to assess their occurrence. Several approaches will be tested to this purpose, from mass spectrometry to aerosol measurement techniques. Finally, the reactivity of NPs in the environment will be modelled to evaluate their potential impact on natural photochemical processes, sea-atmosphere exchanges and the carbon cycle.
We will provide exceptional insights into the reactivity and transformation mechanisms of NPs in the environment. Combined with the data about NPs occurrence, these results will be crucial to assess the environmental impact of NP pollution and will be decisive in developing strategies to solve the problems related to plastic pollution.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
10124 Torino
Italie