Descripción del proyecto
La innovación desvela la actividad y las propiedades correlacionadas de nanopartículas individuales
Estudiar partículas cuyo tamaño está en la escala de unos pocos cientos de átomos (nanopartículas o NP) es una tarea ardua. Con todo, caracterizar la actividad intrínseca de NP específicas y correlacionarla con sus propiedades es esencial a fin de diseñar NP para aplicaciones, entre las que se encuentra el uso de NP de metales de transición para la electrocatálisis, en lugar de los catalizadores convencionales de metales raros. En el proyecto MITICAT, financiado con fondos europeos, se está desarrollando una técnica para observar la actividad de NP individuales que actúan como catalizadores de una reacción lenta pero crítica para la conversión de energía renovable. La capacidad para cuantificar «in situ» la actividad intrínseca y las propiedades de NP individuales podría suscitar un cambio radical en la electrocatálisis e impulsar la transición a las energías renovables.
Objetivo
Transition metal based nanoparticles (NPs) are envisioned as viable alternatives to the scarce precious metal based catalysts used today for renewable energy conversion. Yet, probing their intrinsic activity to establish property-activity relations and so to smartly design superior catalysts, is impeded by two limitations of existing electrocatalytic techniques. First, the integral assessment of ensembles of non-identical NPs prohibits the identification of intrinsic activity differences. Second, the unknown effects of additives required analyzing the activity of often poorly conductive transition metal oxides, e.g. during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), prohibit the access to quantitative data and comparable benchmarks. Very recently, we have proposed single NP electrochemistry to overcome both limitations. We demonstrated that the electrocatalytic OER response of individual CoFe2O4 NPs can be assessed in the absence of additives. However, we have not been able to extract property-activity relations, as NP characterization was limited to ex situ data. The groundbreaking strategy of this work is to combine intrinsic activity and physical property measurements of individual NPs. Physical characterization will comprise different online and ex situ methods to gain comprehensive property information. Numerical simulations will allow us to extract quantitative kinetic data from the electrochemical studies, allowing us to provide quantitative benchmarks of intrinsic catalyst performance. Cycling of NPs in a microfluidic platform will enable degradation studies and systematic modification “on the fly”. Moving towards application conditions, catalyst-support interactions will be studied by stepwise immobilization of catalysts on substrates. As a result of revealing intrinsic property-activity relations in electrocatalysis and of elucidating catalyst-support interactions, we will gain the understanding urgently needed to disruptively change electrocatalyst devolopment.
Ámbito científico
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesclassical mechanicsfluid mechanicsmicrofluidics
- natural scienceschemical scienceselectrochemistry
- natural scienceschemical sciencesinorganic chemistryinorganic compounds
- natural scienceschemical sciencescatalysiselectrocatalysis
- engineering and technologynanotechnologynano-materials
Programa(s)
Régimen de financiación
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitución de acogida
44801 Bochum
Alemania