Climate extremes belong to the most impactful consequences of climate change and strongly affect human society. In the derivation of potential future emissions scenarios by Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), the feedback of changes in climate extremes is not sufficiently integrated. This is particularly important for projected changes in afforestation, food production, and human health. As part of the European Research Council (ERC) Proof-of-Concept (PoC) grant "MESMER-X", the new MESMER-X regional Earth System Model (ESM) emulator was developed for climate extremes. MESMER-X allows to emulate at very high speed ESM projections of changes in climate extremes under different global warming trajectories for the coming decades. This enables the better consideration of feedbacks from climate extremes in the development of emissions scenarios. MESMER-X allows the emulation of changes in temperature extremes, fire weather index, and several soil moisture indices related to agroecological droughts. MESMER-X is used or planned to be used in several on-going and upcoming European projects (HEurope SPARCCLE (2023-2027), HEurope RESCUE (2022-2026), HEurope ForestNavigator (2022-2026), and EU H2020 PROVIDE (2021-2024)).
