Compared to other transport systems railways have a high transport capacity, they use energy efficiently and are environment friendly. However, there is a mood of reluctancy to accept new railway lines mainly for reasons such as noise and vibrations induced by modern high-speed trains. These are mainly problems of densely populated areas (towns), where railways are built very close to residential buildings and in tunnels with low overburden. Due to maintenance reasons, ballastless permanent ways become more and more important especially for tunnel lines.
Solid roadways have a lot of advantages thanks to their load carrying capability and to long-time stability of the track. Nevertheless, permanent ways do also have disadvantages such as increasing noise and vibrations caused by the use of superstructures.