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Livrables
Compared to other transport systems railways have a high transport capacity, they use energy efficiently and are environment friendly. However, there is a mood of reluctancy to accept new railway lines mainly for reasons such as noise and vibrations induced by modern high-speed trains. These are mainly problems of densely populated areas (towns), where railways are built very close to residential buildings and in tunnels with low overburden. Due to maintenance reasons, ballastless permanent ways become more and more important especially for tunnel lines.
Solid roadways have a lot of advantages thanks to their load carrying capability and to long-time stability of the track. Nevertheless, permanent ways do also have disadvantages such as increasing noise and vibrations caused by the use of superstructures.
The report deals with the interaction and coupling of solid mechanics principles and electromagnetic theory and applies the results to magnetorheological fluids magneto-sensitive elastomers. It starts by a summary of the relevant equations describing the deformation of a magnetosensitive elastic solid. Then, simplified assumptions on the electromagnetic properties of magneto-sensitive elastomers are used to specialize the general theory and to formulate a material model.
To illustrate the utility of this relation the flow of the MR fluid between two parallel fixed plates under the application of a magnetic field normal to the plates is studied. It is found that the stiffness of the material increases with the magnetic field strength.
The report concludes with a very recent study on the non-linear magnetoelastic deformations of elastomers. First, the basic equations describing the magnetic field and the interaction with a deformable solid are summarized. Then, the report provides expressions for the Cauchy stress tensor for both compressible and incompressible solids and appropriate specialization for the isotropic material response. An equivalent Lagrangian formulation of the constitutive laws is provided to underline some very interesting features.
Finally, to illustrate some of the features of the derived model, a MS elastomer confined by parallel fop and bottom plates is subjected to shear deformation under the influence of a magnetic field normal to the plates. An acceptable agreement is illustrated between numerical simulation and experimental observation. It is again shown that the load-deformation response stiffens significantly with an increasing magnetic field.
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