UK scientists launch animal testing inquiry
Four UK science organisations have launched an investigation into whether monkeys should continue to be used in biological and medical research. The inquiry, chaired by Sir David Weatherall, a genetics expert from the University of Oxford, will conduct a rigorous scientific assessment to gauge whether there are alternatives to using non-human primates in research. It is the first study of this kind to be carried out, and comes in the light of numerous developments in biomedical science over the last decade, including the mapping of the human genome Currently, some 3,000 primates are used in UK laboratories every year, mainly in toxicology tests to verify whether new drug compounds might be harmful if carried forward into human trials. Many scientists believe that monkeys' physiological similarities to humans make them powerful tools to investigate the diseases and fundamental biology of humans. Some, however, argue that new technologies, for example the development of genetically modified mice bred with human genes, might provide a better model for studying diseases in some cases. The study, which will bring together scientists from outside the primate research community, will examine the recent, current and future scientific basis for research using non-human primates. 'What are the present uses of primates in medical research and how vitally important is it that it continues? Can other approaches be used? Are new developments likely to produce other model experimental systems which are less important or not important at all to use non-human primates?' asked Sir David. 'We hope to establish areas where alternatives, such as genetically modified mice or computer modelling, might be an appropriate option,' stated Sir David. 'Equally the study will examine areas of research where there is likely to be continuing need. We are focusing on the science and trying to ask questions about the present and future roles of primates and what alternatives present and future developments in science offer for reducing that requirement,' he added. In an interview with BBC News, Colin Blakemore from the Medical Research Council (MRC) which, along with the Royal Society, the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Wellcome Trust, is funding this 20,000 GBP (28,774 euro) project, explained that mainstream science believes that some level of testing will continue to be necessary. 'Certain organ systems in monkeys are really similar to humans and that makes them especially appropriate for medical research - particularly the reproductive system, the hormone system, the immune system, the lungs and the brain,' said Professor Blakemore. 'Research on monkeys has been particularly important for vaccine development- particularly polio vaccine - but also the recent testing of possible HIV vaccines. It's also been essential for developing new treatments for hepatitis, reproductive disorders, infertility, and so on, and in the future it will be crucial for the development of treatments for brain disorders,' he told BBC News. Animal welfare groups are asking researchers to avoid using primates altogether, given their capacity to experience fear, pain and suffering. The inquiry has called for evidence by 1 June and hopes to report early next year.
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