Exploitable results
Todays Internet is rapidly evolving towards a collection of highly distributed, pervasive, communication-intensive services. In the near future, such services will be expected to (i) autonomously detect and organize the knowledge necessary to understand the general context in which they operate, and (ii) self-adapt and self-configure to get the best from any situation in order to meet the needs of diverse users, in diverse situations, without explicit human intervention.
These features will enable a wide range of new activities that are simply not possible or impractical now. However, achievement of such capabilities requires a deep re-thinking of the current way of developing and deploying distributed systems and applications. In this direction, a promising approach consists in conceiving services as part of an ''open ecosystem'' through which they can prosper and thrive at the service of users. This vision is attractive because it not only allows providing better services to end-users, but also meets the emerging economic urge for service provision and system management deriving by the higher level of dynamism and variability of communication systems.
In this context, Cascadas main goal is providing an autonomic component-based framework to support the deployment of a novel set of services through development of distributed applications capable of coping well with uncertain environments by dynamically adapting their plans as the environment changes in uncertain ways.
Cascadas vision is based on a set of complementary founding features that starts from state-of-the-art modern distributed computing and communication systems, for advancing towards autonomic and situation-aware communication services: context-awareness becomes situation-awareness; self-organization and self-adaptation converge into a concept of semantic self-organization; scalability assumes the form of self-similarity; modularity takes the form of a new autonomic component-ware paradigm that intrinsically features self-CHOP capabilities.
Cascadas is proving a robust and dynamic modular conceptual framework for building autonomic, self-organizing, semantic services, and act as high-level reference model for the production of a new generation of programmable communication elements that can be reused at different stack levels. Such component model, core of the framework, forms the fundamental software engineering abstraction of distributed self-similar components named Autonomic Communication Elements (ACEs).
ACEs are characterised by autonomic features such as self-awareness, semantic self-organisation and self-healing, and allow creating and executing dynamically adaptable situation-aware services. The ACE component model is conceived around the notion of organ: ACEs organs are capable of adapting their own execution to the general conditions. ACEs behaviour is contained in its self model, initially created by the developer but capable of being modified autonomously by the ACE itself based on self-awareness information, formed, in turn, by one or more plans that characterize the behaviour and the services offered by the ACE.
ACE Toolkit has been successfully used to build a prototype system to suit a potentially industrial future use-case named Behavioural Pervasive Advertisement. This scenario considers a crowded venue with a number of public screens, used to advertise the venue itself as well as commercial advertisements. Today, advertising screens display information cyclically in a way independent of the context (i.e. independent of who is actually close to that screen). Smart services might exploit availability of the pervasive infrastructures, and the presence of pervasive devices, to gather publicly accessible information on users so as to adapt the contents to be shown on the basis of the peculiar interests of people detected. This would transform the advertising service with a set of desirable features in terms of effectiveness, as the exposition impact for the advertisement would be maximized, and business investment, as the level of guarantees provided on the effectiveness of the investment would be higher.
In the presence of a large number of screens and parties interested in buying time slots on them, solutions for allocating time slots and generating added value for interested parties must be identified. From this point of view, auctions appear an excellent solution as they prioritize allocation to advertisers who value them the most. Therefore, Cascadas platform employs an auction-based allocation paradigm whereby advertisers compete in a context-aware fashion in order to acquire the rights of advertising on a specific screen at a specific time.
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