Exploring Prehispanic woodworking technologies in the isolated context of the Canary Islands: Innovative and adaptive responses

Description du projet

Technologies du travail du bois et adaptation humaine

Les îles Canaries sont restées longtemps isolées entre l’installation de groupes agropastoraux berbères venus d’Afrique du Nord il y a environ 2 000 ans et l’arrivée des Européens au XVe siècle. Les premiers colons se sont adaptés à la disponibilité des matières premières locales, dépourvues de minerais métalliques, en développant des technologies lithiques volcaniques et l’artisanat du bois. Le projet WoodTRACES, financé par l’UE, appliquera une approche interdisciplinaire innovante associant la recherche archéobotanique et l’archéologie expérimentale portant sur des analyses de traces d’outils et d’usure à des méthodologies pionnières comme le scanner 3D. Le projet testera l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’étude de la technologie du travail du bois est susceptible de révéler de nouvelles perspectives sur le processus d’adaptation de l’homme à des environnements dépourvus d’outils métalliques et sur les différences biogéographiques, contribuant ainsi à un tourisme culturel durable reposant sur un patrimoine archéologique périssable.

Objectif

The Canary Islands were first settled approximately 2,000 years ago by Berber agropastoral groups from North Africa, remaining isolated in the archipelago until Europeans arrived in the 15th century CE. These populations had to adapt to the local raw material availability, which lacked metal ores, and thus developed volcanic lithic technologies and woodcraft in an insular environment. Yet, how did this adaptation process succeed despite the lack of metal ores? Which stone tools replaced metal tools in producing woodworking technologies across different islands? What were wooden artefacts used for? Considering the exceptional preservation of desiccated wooden artefacts from this region, WoodTRACES seeks to test the hypothesis that the study of woodworking technology can shed new light on the human adaptation process in response to the lack of metal tools and to the biogeographical differences between islands. Advancement of new knowledge regarding this unparalleled issue will provide meaningful data about human innovation/resilience in contexts of isolation and sudden reduction of technological optionality. WoodTRACES will undertake a novel interdisciplinary approach combining the broad archaeobotanical expertise of the candidate with a deep training in experimental archaeology, tool-mark and wear analyses, and cutting-edge methodologies (e.g. 3D scanner, SEM). Inter-sectoral transfer of knowledge, by collaborating with archaeological museums and archives, will be also attained. Training during this project will enable the candidate to meet future challenges in archaeobotanical heritage, endorsed by the H2020 Societal Challenge of ‘Europe in a Changing World – Inclusive, Innovative and Reflective Societies’. Following the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the UN, results of WoodTRACES will contribute to stimulating sustainable cultural tourism in the Canary Islands based on perishable archaeological heritage.