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Twice as Hard, Half as Good? Women Candidates’ Experience of Sexism on the Campaign Trail

Project description

Understanding 'gender penalty' in women candidates

The struggle of women in politics continues. Women remain underrepresented in politics, and misogynistic social media campaigns are rampant. It is still crucial to continuously monitor the role and conditions of sexism in voters, the media and political parties. The EU-funded TWICEASGOOD project will conduct an ambitious 5-year cross-national comparative study based on candidate surveys and questions from Round 11 of the European Social Survey. It will also perform in-depth case studies of four countries: the UK, the Netherlands, Spain and Turkey. The project will draw on both large-scale media analysis and campaign ethnographies to better understand everyday experiences of sexism in election campaigning.

Objective

How does sexism affect women’s pathway to political office? Scholars have claimed that voter sexism is over because women candidates win elections at the same rate as men. However, the emergence of a gender equality backlash, misogynistic social media campaigns and the continued under-representation of women in political office globally, indicate a need to re-examine whether sexism acts as a barrier to women’s representation. To better understand political representation, therefore, it is important to understand how and under which conditions sexism by voters, media and political parties, actual and anticipated, can lead women candidates to alter campaign behavior and strategies.

For the proposed programme of research in TWICEASGOOD, we reconceptualize the “gender penalty” faced by women candidates to take into account the sexism, threats of violence that they face online, through social media, in the traditional media and in face-to-face encounters. We aim to understand the extent of these types of sexism as well as the ways in which women candidates anticipate and counter them, by being “twice as good”, in order to achieve electoral success. To better understand how encounters of “everyday sexism” on the campaign trail, both online and offline and in the media, shape women’s campaign efforts and chances at electoral success, we propose an ambitious five-year programme of research that captures candidate experiences of sexism and assesses their impact on electoral outcomes. To capture how sexism is experienced “everyday” on the campaign trail, we used a mixed-methods approach, bringing together participant-observation of candidates on the campaign trail in four countries with quantitative media analysis, candidate surveys and a battery of items administered in Round 11 of the European Social Survey to create a cross-national sexism index. This rich data will generate new insights about the causes of women’s continued under-representation in politics.

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Topic(s)

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Funding Scheme

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ERC-ADG - Advanced Grant

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Call for proposal

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(opens in new window) ERC-2020-ADG

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Host institution

THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM
Net EU contribution

Net EU financial contribution. The sum of money that the participant receives, deducted by the EU contribution to its linked third party. It considers the distribution of the EU financial contribution between direct beneficiaries of the project and other types of participants, like third-party participants.

€ 1 146 021,94
Address
Edgbaston
B15 2TT Birmingham
United Kingdom

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Region
West Midlands (England) West Midlands Birmingham
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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Total cost

The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.

€ 1 146 021,94

Beneficiaries (8)

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