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Custom-designed gene editing of induced epidermal stem cells for gene therapy of genetic diseases of squamous epithelia

Descrizione del progetto

Terapia genica per i disturbi ereditari della pelle

La dermatosi bollosa è un gruppo di rari disordini cutanei ereditari associati a pelle fragile e con vescicole. Le malattie dovute a dermatosi bollosa risultano da mutazioni di una varietà di geni responsabili della coesione intraepidermica, compresi quelli che codificano per la cheratina, l’integrina e la laminina. Gli scienziati del progetto Holo-GT, finanziato dall’UE, hanno precedentemente dimostrato l’efficacia di un approccio combinatorio e di terapia genica per la dermatosi bollosa. Tuttavia, dato il modello di ereditarietà dominante di molte condizioni di dermatosi bollosa, l’aggiunta di geni non è adatta. Il consorzio Holo-GT intende sviluppare una strategia e un approccio di editing genico per ricostituire le cellule staminali della pelle che vengono spesso distrutte nei pazienti affetti da dermatosi bollosa.

Obiettivo

Holo-GT will define innovative ex vivo gene therapy of dominant genetic skin disease, by using Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) as a model system. EB is a group of dominantly or recessively inherited, devastating, incurable diseases marked by structural fragility of the integuments. The applicant has shown that combined ex vivo cell and gene therapy can cure the skin of recessive LAMB3-Junctional EB. This lifesaving procedure unveiled that the human epidermis is sustained solely by long-lived stem cells, detected as holoclone-forming cells, which generate transient progenitors referred to as meroclones and paraclones.
However, over 50% of EB are dominantly inherited, making gene addition unsuitable. Gene editing does not efficiently correct epidermal stem cells, which define a small proportion of clonogenic keratinocytes and cannot be prospectively isolated.
Holo-GT aims at designing a safe and efficacious protocol for dominant forms of EB through:
• Molecular characterization of the keratinocyte clonal types and pathways sustaining holoclone-forming cells by single-cell RNA profiling.
• Generation of induced holoclone-forming cells (iHolo) by transient expression of specific sets of transcription factors (identified in aim 1) able to reprogram progenitors into holoclone-forming cells.
• Development of custom-engineered CRISPR/Cas nucleases, based on selection-based directed evolution or structure-guided mutagenesis, able to fully distinguish wild type and mutant alleles.
• Using this newly developed CRISPR/Cas system, gene editing of iHolo prepared from keratinocyte cultures initiated from patients with dominant forms of EB.
Holo-GT could tackle not only dominant EBs but also other dominant genetic diseases of the epidermis and other squamous epithelia, as well as recessive forms of EB, particularly those characterized by the well-known depletion of stem cells, which could be rescued by the reprogramming of transient progenitors into holoclone-forming cells (iHolo).

Meccanismo di finanziamento

ERC-ADG - Advanced Grant

Istituzione ospitante

UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MODENA E REGGIO EMILIA
Contribution nette de l'UE
€ 2 118 125,00
Indirizzo
VIA UNIVERSITA 4
41121 Modena
Italia

Mostra sulla mappa

Regione
Nord-Est Emilia-Romagna Modena
Tipo di attività
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Collegamenti
Costo totale
€ 2 243 125,00

Beneficiari (3)