Descripción del proyecto
Estudiar las amenazas víricas zoonóticas
Los virus de animales silvestres son una amenaza real para la salud pública, como lo demuestran los brotes de ébola y la pandemia de COVID-19. Con todo, se sabe muy poco sobre cómo funcionan estos virus. En el proyecto EVADER, financiado con fondos europeos, se investigará la aparición de virus desde un punto de vista evolutivo. Al estudiar cómo aparecen los mutantes del espectro de hospedadores y cómo se adaptan a las células humanas, se ofrecerá el panorama más completo de la infectividad viral de las células humanas hasta la fecha. El equipo del proyecto también analizará el tropismo celular dependiente del receptor de los virus de ARN con envoltura, un proceso manejable en experimentos implicado en la aparición de virus. Por último, proporcionará pistas importantes sobre el papel de la mutación espontánea en la aparición de virus y explorará la viabilidad de las terapias antivirales a nivel de clado.
Objetivo
The emergence of new human pathogenic viruses from animal reservoirs is an increasing concern, but also a poorly understood process. Massive sequencing programs have been recently launched to characterize wildlife viruses, but empirical information on how these viruses function and whether they can potentially infect humans is needed. However, the isolation and culturing of wildlife viruses is too often unfeasible due to technical issues, biosafety concerns, or lack of full-length sequence information. Furthermore, we need to investigate viral emergence from an evolutionary standpoint to better understand how host-range mutants appear and adapt to human cells. To achieve these goals, we will focus on the receptor-dependent cell tropism of enveloped RNA viruses, a central and experimentally tractable process involved in viral emergence. First, we will use high-throughput gene synthesis to create hundreds of pseudoviruses coated with the envelopes of previously uncharacterized wildlife viruses belonging to different families, and we will examine their ability to infect a panel of humans cells from various tissues. This will deliver the most comprehensive landscape of viral human cell infectivity to date. Second, we will use experimental evolution, massive parallel sequencing, and site-directed mutagenesis to explore how viral envelopes diversify, undergo cell tropism shifts, and adapt to human cells. This will provide important clues about the role of spontaneous mutation in viral emergence, and may reveal repeatable evolutionary pathways that could help us improve outbreak predictability. Finally, we will use our experimental results to infer candidate cell receptors for wildlife viruses using machine learning, and to explore the feasibility of broad-range, clade-level antiviral therapies that could be used for combating emerging viruses in the future.
Ámbito científico
- medical and health scienceshealth sciencesinfectious diseasesRNA viruses
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologyvirology
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsmutation
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsRNA
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencesartificial intelligencemachine learning
Programa(s)
Régimen de financiación
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantInstitución de acogida
46010 Valencia
España