Upcycling plastic wastes: biopolymers for a circular economy

Descripción del proyecto

Reciclabilidad de los equipos de protección individual de plástico de un solo uso

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado más residuos de plástico debido al aumento del uso de equipos de protección individual desechables, como mascarillas, guantes y plásticos de un solo uso. En este contexto, el proyecto financiado con fondos europeos BIOP se centrará en el polietileno y el polipropileno de un solo uso, que se pueden reciclar en moléculas más ligeras con valor añadido. A su vez, estas pueden utilizarse como componentes básicos para sintetizar nuevas unidades poliméricas de base biológica en combinación con sustancias químicas específicas derivadas de la biomasa. El proyecto conseguirá valorizar los residuos de plástico y biomasa para producir biopolímeros en aras de posibilitar la transición a la economía circular.

Objetivo

BIOP aims to address one of the most critical environmental issues derived from human activities, plastic wastes. Far from having a suitable alternative to palliate their impact and promote their recyclability, the emerged pandemic alarm associated to the fast coronavirus (COVID-19) spreading worsens detrimentally the scenario. Disposable Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) used by healthcare professionals produces vast quantities of plastic waste, being worthwhile to develop biodegradable PPE for the future, which would allow alternative ways to process this waste. In addition, it is reasonably urgent to propose an efficient alternative to handle the giant amount of non-biodegradable plastics already generated (mainly protective suits, boot covers and single-use gloves). The project focuses mostly on single-use polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) recycling into lighter value-added molecules (upcycling) that can be used as building blocks to synthetize new biobased polymeric units, in combination with specific biomass-derived platform chemicals such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Hence, going through the plastics to bioplastics concept, the project’s guiding light is the joint valorization of plastic and biomass wastes to finally produce BIOPolymers, approach that add value to both wastes thus paving the way towards a circular economy. With this purpose, the project’s specific challenges concerns 1) PE/PP conversion to lower molecular weight alkenes through the development of specific processes and highly selective catalysts, 2) 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, biomass platform molecule) transformation to FDCA over the new designed and optimized catalysts and 3) joint conversion of alkenes (derived from plastics) and HMF (one-pot oxidation) thus allowing cost savings and technologies coupling.