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Unravelling early chelicerate evolution and the origin of the sea spiders combining high quality paleontological and genomic data

Projektbeschreibung

Neuer morphologischer Datensatz zu allen wichtigen Arthropodenarten

Unterstützt durch modernste Computertomographie wird nun die erste detaillierte Studie zur Morphologie fossiler Asselspinnen durchgeführt. Das EU-finanzierte Projekt PhyloPycno erstellt einen neuen morphologischen Datensatz zu allen wichtigen Arthropodenarten. Arthropoden gehören dem artenreichsten Teil des Tierreichs an, zu dem auch Insekten und Tausendfüßer sowie die Fruchtfliege Drosophila melanogaster zählen. Obwohl Arthropoden wichtige Modellsysteme zur Erforschung der Makroevolution sind, ist noch wenig über ihre Evolution bekannt. Das Projekt untersucht daher Thesen zur Verwandtschaft von Kieferklauenträgern und Arthropoden. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt auf Seespinnen liegt, sollen auch der Ursprung und die Diversifizierungsrate der stark divergenten Asselspinnen bestimmt sowie der Evolutionszeitraum von Asselspinnen und Kieferklauenträgern geschätzt werden.

Ziel

Arthropoda (e.g. insects, crustaceans, spiders and centipedes) comprises the majority of animal biodiversity and includes model organisms like the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. A rich fossil record, abundant genomic information, high morphological disparity, and unparallelled diversity, have made arthropods a key model system for macroevolution. Yet, our understanding of arthropod evolution remains incomplete. In part, this is because alternative interpretations of their morphology support different evolutionary hypotheses. For example, the phylogeny of total-group Chelicerata (i.e. the living chelicerates – e.g. sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, spiders and scorpions – and all fossils more closely related to these than to any other arthropod) depends on alternative interpretations for the origin of the chelicerae. These pincer-like first head appendages are found in all living chelicerates, but it is unclear whether they are primitive, derived, or converging characters. Central to this debate are the sea spiders (Pycnogonida), a poorly-understood, marine, chelicerae-bearing lineage, dissimilar in many respects to other chelicerates. It has been suggested that pycnogonids might not be chelicerates and that chelicerae might be convergent or a primitive trait for Arthropoda, which would necessitate a reassessment of early arthropod evolution. Here, I will use a cutting edge computed tomography approach to provide the first detailed study of fossil pycnogonid morphology, and to generate a new morphological dataset spanning all key arthropod taxa. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood-based total evidence approaches will then be used to combine the new morphological dataset with genomic data and test hypotheses of (1) chelicerate and arthropod relationships, (2) the evolution of the arthropod body plan, (3) the origin and diversification rate of the highly divergent Pycnogonida, and (4) to estimate an evolutionary timescale for Pycnogonida and Chelicerata.

Koordinator

UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL
Netto-EU-Beitrag
€ 212 933,76
Adresse
BEACON HOUSE QUEENS ROAD
BS8 1QU Bristol
Vereinigtes Königreich

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Region
South West (England) Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Bristol/Bath area Bristol, City of
Aktivitätstyp
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Gesamtkosten
€ 212 933,76