Description du projet
Évaluer les volcans les plus actifs d’Islande afin de réduire les risques qu’ils représentent pour les populations et les infrastructures locales
Les volcans actifs recouverts de glace présentent un danger considérable pour la société en raison de leur nature explosive, riche en cendres, et de leur potentiel à générer des crues glaciaires destructrices. La surveillance de leur activité se révèle compliquée dans la mesure où les séismes volcaniques et glaciaires peuvent sembler identiques dans les enregistrements sismiques. Toutefois, de nouvelles méthodes de corrélation des formes d’onde pourraient permettre de distinguer la sismicité glaciaire de la sismicité volcanique. Le projet SIGMA, financé par l’UE, appliquera ces méthodes à un ensemble exceptionnel de données sismiques en Islande et développera un nouveau logiciel de classification automatique. Il créera notamment un nouveau catalogue microsismique permettant de classifier les événements comme glaciaires ou volcaniques à l’aide d’outils d’analyse statistique. Par ailleurs, les événements glaciaires serviront à calculer les propriétés hydrauliques sous-glaciaires, importantes pour la modélisation du comportement futur des glaciers.
Objectif
Active ice-covered volcanoes present considerable danger to society due to their explosive, ash-rich nature and the potential to generate destructive glacial outburst floods. However, the ability to monitor their activity is complicated by the difficulty in discriminating volcanic and glacial earthquakes as they can appear identical in the seismic record. My recent work in Chile and Alaska has demonstrated how newly developed waveform correlation approaches could help distinguish between glacial and volcanic seismicity. The multi-disciplinary SIGMA project will apply these methods to an exceptional seismic dataset in Iceland while developing a new automatic classification software. The work plan includes creating a new micro-seismic catalogue in which events will be characterised as glacial or volcanic using statistical analysis tools. Furthermore, glacial events will be used to calculate subglacial hydraulic properties, an important requirement for modelling future glacier behaviour. The 3 targets areas across the Vatnajökull ice cap include some of the most active volcanic and glacial regions in Iceland. Under the supervision of Dr Magnússon and Prof. Aðalgeirsdóttir at the University of Iceland, and Dr Jónsdottír during a secondment at the Icelandic Meteorological Office, I will receive exceptional training in research and transferable skills that will allow me to fulfill my future career goal of becoming a leader in geophysical monitoring of volcanoes and other natural hazards. Being based at the University of Iceland will mean joining a world-leading research institute in geosciences with opportunities to develop internal and international multidisciplinary collaborations. Ultimately, the project will help future activity assessments at the most active volcanoes in Iceland and in turn, reduce their risk to local populations and infrastructure, while contributing towards the long-term EU target of ensuring a more resilient society against natural hazards.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
101 Reykjavik
Islande