Reprogramming of the leukemic microenvironment by small extracellular vesicles: from characterization to therapeutic application

Descripción del proyecto

La función y el potencial terapéutico de las vesículas extracelulares en el cáncer

Las células se comunican entre sí a través de vesículas extracelulares, que transportan proteínas, lípidos y ARN. Pruebas de nueva aparición señalan que las vesículas extracelulares también desempeñan un papel en la proliferación, migración y metástasis de las células cancerosas. El objetivo del proyecto EVIL, financiado con fondos europeos, es investigar los mecanismos promotores de tumores de las vesículas extracelulares en la leucemia linfática crónica (LLC), una neoplasia hemática de los linfocitos B. Sus investigadores examinarán la captación de vesículas extracelulares por parte de las células diana y estudiarán el resultado funcional del bloqueo del proceso mediante inhibidores. Se prestará especial atención a la contribución de las vesículas extracelulares a la evasión del sistema inmunitario por parte de la LLC, así como a su potencial terapéutico.

Objetivo

The proposed program, to be developed by Dr Pablo Morande, aims at investigating interactions between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cells and their microenvironment, with a focus on small extracellular vesicles (sEV). CLL is the most frequent hematological malignancy of the adult in Europe. Despite recent advances in the standard of care, there is still no curative therapeutic option. Small EV represent an important part of the cell-to-cell communication. They play a key role in promoting cancer by influencing multiple tumor-related functions like cellular proliferation, migration, and metastasis; and can also impair an efficient anti-tumor immune response. In this proposal, Dr Morande will study the mechanisms underlying sEV-induced cellular modifications in vivo in the context CLL, using transgenic murine models and patient samples. The host group has proved experience in the field of sEV in cancer and recently deepened into the role of sEV in leukemia development in vivo. The candidate will dissect the mechanisms enabling sEV uptake in various types of target cells in vivo, and test inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies to block the pro-tumoral role of sEV in leukemic mice. He will study the functional impact of sEV on the immune system leading to tumor evasion, focusing on immune checkpoint ligands, and design bioengineered sEV to test them as immunotherapy in preclinical models. Finally, he will focus on sEV understudied cargoes such as metabolites by investigating their occurrence on sEV and the consequences on metabolic activity of target cells, to reveal new directions for the development of innovative therapies. The development of the present proposal will enable Dr Morande to achieve a broad range of new technical and management skills through a variety of multidisciplinary training programs. This will represent a key step for his final objective to become an independent scientist.