Description du projet
L’histoire du consensus scientifique au XVIIe siècle
La philosophie naturelle du XVIIe siècle est sous les projecteurs. Le projet NOTCOM, financé par le CER, examinera les notions communes, les enquêtes collectives et les stratégies de diffusion publique des sciences naturelles au XVIIe siècle. Alors que les chercheurs ont étudié la sociologie et l’histoire de la philosophie des sciences, le rôle des modèles de consensus épistémologique n’a reçu que peu d’attention. En tant qu’étude historique de ce que l’on appelle aujourd’hui le «consensus scientifique», NOTCOM considère que la formation du consensus est historiquement structurée. Il représente ces hypothèses partagées qui, dans tout débat scientifique, sont écartées car considérées comme non controversées. NOTCOM explore une combinaison de quatre dimensions — modèles de consensus, méthodes collectives, stratégies de diffusion et actualité — afin de comprendre les usages contemporains de l’écriture de cette histoire.
Objectif
NOTCOM is a philosophical study of common notions, collective inquiry, and dissemination strategies in seventeenth-century natural science, with special focus on the role of so-called “common notions.” Using a ground-breaking transversal methodology, it studies: (1) epistemological models of consensus as they emerged from early modern controversies in logic, rhetoric, moral philosophy, theology and law, and how they were re-deployed within natural philosophy; (2) methods of collective inquiry in early modern natural philosophy; (3) the role of consensus models and methods of collective inquiry in the public dissemination of early modern natural philosophy; (4) the actuality of early modern consensus models and methods of collective inquiry in relation to current philosophy of science and science communication studies. Early modern collective scientific practices have, over the last half century, provided a rich field of study for the sociology and history of philosophy of science. Little attention has, however, been paid to the role that epistemological models of consensus played for the methods governing those practices. Yet the period produced a wealth of such models, often in the context of doctrines of common notions, which informed natural philosophical methods of collective inquiry in myriad ways. These methods were moreover inextricably wound up with complex strategies for the broader public dissemination of science. Some of these, models, methods, and dissemination strategies still have purchase today. More importantly, however, writing their history offers a narrative about philosophy, science, and society with a didactic potential that merits exploration. Combining these four dimensions—consensus models, collective methods, dissemination strategies, and actuality—NOTCOM thus explores the historical background to the current notion of “scientific consensus” and the contemporary uses of writing this history.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
- HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC - Support for frontier research (ERC)Institution d’accueil
75794 Paris
France