Description du projet
Exploitation environnementale des forces politiques nationales
De nombreuses politiques mises en œuvre pour lutter contre le changement climatique et d’autres problèmes environnementaux n’ont pas atteint tous leurs objectifs. Comment les institutions politico-économiques expliquent-elles cet échec? Quelle incidence cette situation a-t-elle sur la mise en œuvre des accords et contrats environnementaux? Le projet EXPLOIT, financé par l’UE, développera des modèles d’économie politique dynamiques combinés à des modèles de changement climatique et d’autres problèmes environnementaux afin d’appréhender les forces ou les contraintes d’économie politique qui permettent d’expliquer les manquements constatés dans les politiques environnementales. EXPLOIT étudiera également la façon dont les politiques environnementales internationales peuvent exploiter les forces politiques nationales. Pour ce faire, il s’appuiera sur la théorie des contrats et l’économie organisationnelle pour explorer la manière dont les politiques internationales peuvent utiliser les demandes d’engagement des personnes concernées, incohérentes sur le plan temporel, dont les préjugés du statu quo confèrent de la crédibilité et dont l’inattention permet la persuasion.
Objectif
We need a theory to explain why society has so far failed to address climate change and other environmental problems. After all, it has been able to deal with other challenges, ranging from wars to trade barriers and, most recently, Covid-19. In this project, we seek to shed light on two important questions:
I. What political economics forces explain the failure to deal with environmental problems?
II. How can environmental agreements and contracts exploit domestic political forces?
The first, positive, part seeks to develop dynamic political economics models that can be combined with models of climate change and other environmental problems. The goal is to learn more about what political economics forces or constraints are best able to explain the observed inefficiencies in environmental policies. This knowledge is necessary before we can analyse which policies are best – subject to the relevant constraints.
The second, normative, part is more groundbreaking because it investigates how international environmental policies can exploit the political forces that are important at the domestic level.
Intuitively, when desirable policies are hindered by political forces, such as present bias and time inconsistency, an incumbent may value a treaty that offers pre-commitments or credibility. This value implies that the incumbent can be persuaded to contribute more (to emission cuts, for example) if the agreement is designed so that it helps the incumbent overcome domestic political constraints. By drawing on contract theory and organizational economics, we will investigate how international policies can exploit time-inconsistent incumbents’ demands for commitment, how status-quo biases offer credibility, and how inattention permits persuasion.
The project will contribute methodologically to political economics and contract theory. The lessons for policymakers may be invaluable.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
- HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC GrantsInstitution d’accueil
0313 Oslo
Norvège