Project description
Making power generation in space more efficient and affordable
Radioisotope power systems (RPS) convert heat generated by the natural decay of plutonium-238 – a radioactive isotope – into electrical power. They are a key enabling technology for deep space exploration, where the sun cannot deliver sufficient power to spacecraft. The goal of the EU-funded PULSAR project is to overcome technological shortcomings to the development of RPS and eliminate Europe’s dependency on plutonium-238 from external suppliers. PULSAR will lay the foundations for end-to-end production of plutonium-238 and use a Stirling engine to design a dynamic RPS that will be far more efficient than current systems.
Objective
For space missions both Photovoltaic (PV) cells and Radioisotope Thermoelectrical Generators (RTG), fueled by Plutonium 238 (Pu-238) are used to produce electricity to power missions. From a European point of view, this has several drawbacks, as neither Pu-238 or any RTGs are produced in Europe and RTGs are very power inefficient, with a yield often of 5% of the fuel potential. This means that large amounts of fuel, and large RTGs, are needed to power missions, which increases the payloads.
PULSAR is the first step on a European path to resolve these issues and take a world leading role in powering space exploration.
The PULSAR project has two overarching global ambitions. These are;
• Develop, in Europe, the building blocks to establish the complete end-to-end capability to produce Pu-238 to help power existing Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG) and Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs) from the constituent elements to module production – addressing critical & non-dependencies technology needs;
• Disruptively increase the thermo-electrical conversion efficiency of dynamic Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) with an advanced Stirling engine improving the performance of the ”state-of-practice” thermoelectric materials.
This will be achieved by
-Performing first designs and studies for selecting targets for Pu-238 generation, examine fabrication constraints and separation options
-Designing a new welding methodology for iridium encapsulation by laser welding and produce a prototype capsule.
-Designing and evaluating a robust Stirling convertor for use as an RPS
-Addressing the regulatory and safety framework for Pu-238 use in space travel
-Performing an analysis of the market potential and its segmentation for PULSAR results
PULSAR brings together a uniquely placed consortium led by TRACTEBEL, with the support of JRC, ESA and Ariane group.
Fields of science
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques.
Programme(s)
Funding Scheme
EURATOM-IA - EURATOM Innovation ActionsCoordinator
1000 BRUXELLES
Belgium