During the reporting period, the project generated and analysed high-quality biological and clinical data from the two participating mother–child cohorts. Samples from pregnant women (vaginal, stool and oral) were collected and analysed using advanced DNA-based methods that identify and quantify all microorganisms present and their potential functions. These microbiota data were combined with detailed information on maternal diet, body measurements, and metabolic markers in blood.
At the same time, data on children’s growth, body composition, and basic metabolic indicators from birth to two years of age were compiled and harmonised. Preparatory work and training were also carried out to enable the future analysis of epigenetic markers, which reflect how early exposures may influence gene activity.
Overall, the project has established a unique, long-term dataset that links maternal nutrition, microbiota, and child growth across different world regions, providing a strong basis for understanding how early-life conditions influence later metabolic health.
Key achievements include the characterization of maternal microbiota composition and its association with nutritional and metabolic status, as well as the establishment of datasets linking maternal health to child development. The project also expanded its scope to include oral and fecal microbiota, enhancing its scientific impact. Results have been partially disseminated through a published video on social media, and further exploitation is planned, including three scientific publications and an international seminar in 2026. Training activities, such as workshops and supervision of students, supported knowledge transfer and capacity building.
