Twin transition and changing patterns of spatial mobility: a regional approach

Risultati finali

Identifying the drivers affecting spatial (im)mobility during twin transition

A report for identifying the drivers affecting spatial (im)mobility during twin transition. It will use the MOBI-TWIN dataset to explore the effects of various factors on spatial mobility, focusing on (but not limited to): individual characteristics (e.g. age, sex, education), regional characteristics (e.g. accessibility, labour market conditions), framework conditions (e.g. freedom of movement) and life stages (e.g. labour, student, leisure). Given the data availability for the selected case studies, UB will also try to investigate potential historical barriers to mobility that could interact with the twin transitions and with traditional attractiveness of regions, such as linguistic barriers. The same analysis will be performed for the different forms of mobility (permanent, circular, short-term) to investigate which factors relate to permanent population losses and which ones to more short-term circulations.

Typology of EU regions based on the Regional Attractiveness Index

A report presenting a typology of EU regions based on the Regional Attractiveness Index values. It will use cluster analysis to group EU regions based on their attractiveness characteristics to investigate which regions indicate the highest or the lowest potential for attracting individuals in the digital era.

Scenarios for assessing the effects of spatial mobility on EU regions during twin transition

A report presenting specific scenarios regarding the ways in which different regional typologies (as they have been defined by the Regional Attractiveness Index developed in T2.3) will be affected by spatial mobility in terms of their demographic, social, welfare system and labour market structure, considering the level of digitalisation in their labour market structure. The report will present in detail the four different types of scenarios in terms of their main dimensions (spatial mobility and digital transition) and their probability to happen.

Dissemination and Communication Plan - First

-A report that will outline the strategy, objectives and plan (including qualitative and quantitative targets) to increase awareness of project activities and communicate its results to the wider possible audience – First version

Methodological report on the Regional Attractiveness Index for EU regions

A report presenting the methodological approach and the Regional Attractiveness Index measurements for EU regions using the insights and data derived from previous tasks. The main dimensions to be considered for the development of the Regional Attractiveness Index will refer (but will not be limited) to: (i) personal aspects, such as health and safety; (ii) socio-economic conditions, including economic well-being, amenities and policy factors; (iii) ecological factors, such as environmental quality; and (iv) connectivity, both in terms of physical and digital infrastructure.

Report on current mobility flows and existing regional attractiveness measures in the EU

A report mapping the current setting of mobility flows both at NUTS3 and NUTS2 level for each mobility form. It will also examine mobility flows both within a country and between countries using the MOBI-TWIN database. The report will examine temporal trends of mobility flows by mobility form since 2010, and address socio-economic and geographical differences (e.g. age, gender, education) in mobility flows. At a second step, D2.1 will provide a thorough investigation regarding the existing definitions of regional attractiveness and compare existing definitions of regional attractiveness, which may cause the rise of the left-behind areas. It will also review the existing typologies for EU regions (e.g. urban/rural areas, metro regions, border regions, mountain/island regions, left-behind/scarcely populated areas), and explore the ways in which twin transition can help them overcome potential barriers related to accessibility and resilience that keep them from being attractive to existing or potential residents.

State-of-the-art report on the drivers, forms and effects of spatial mobility on EU regions

The report will provide an extended literature exercise focusing on current theoretical frameworks and latest empirical studies concerning spatial mobility and its impact on regional inequality, rural development and sustainability, as well as the definition and geography of demographically declining and left-behind areas as they are currently formed by spatial mobility outcomes.

Dissemination and Communication Plan - Final

-A report that will outline the strategy, objectives and plan (including qualitative and quantitative targets) to increase awareness of project activities and communicate its results to the wider possible audience (this version will also include an overview of the midterm results of the project’s dissemination and communication activities) – Final version

The effects of spatial mobility during twin transition on regional inequality and sustainability in the identified EU regional typologies

A report presenting the findings for the different scenarios on assessing the evolution of regional inequalities (e.g. GINI index, coefficient of variance) and sustainability indicators. The task will use the identified EU regional typologies, alongside existing ones (urban/rural regions) to investigate potential differences on the effects between them. The effects of EU policies and risk mitigation measures affecting freedom of movement between regions will also be considered, and a specific focus will be placed on the role of Brexit and COVID-19 pandemic in the evolution of regional inequality and sustainability across Europe. The report will develop a detailed overview of the ‘alternative futures’ of the various types of regions, as well as perform a comparative analysis between them.

Methodological report describing the MOBI-TWIN model

A methodological note on the MOBI-TWIN model. This is a three-step process including: (i) the development of a dataset with a pan-European coverage at regional level based on EU-SILC and EUROSTAT data (we will explore the use of additional data sources for this task), incorporating all relevant variables that we want to use in our model, together with the output variables we want to investigate through the application of the policy scenarios; (ii) the development of the source code of the MOBI-TWIN model, written in R or other open source languages, which will be used to simulate spatial mobility flows for estimating their effects on EU regions; (iii) the validation of the model.

Policy recommendations for tackling regional imbalances triggered by spatial mobility during twin transition

A White Paper acting as an integrated guide including: i) guidelines on how to develop and operationalise policies related to spatial mobility during twin transition, ii) roadmaps on how the regional attractiveness index and the corresponding regional typologies can be used for developing policies, and (iii) a forum stimulating mutual learning and knowledge exchange between key stakeholders.

Effects of spatial mobility during twin transition on selected left-behind and demographically declining areas in terms of demographics, society, welfare system and labour market

A report presenting the outcomes of the MOBI-TWIN model application on a selected set of areas using the identified scenarios (T3.2) to assess the effects of spatial mobility. The regions that will be covered in this task are Central Macedonia (Greece), Groningen (Netherlands), Castilla–La Mancha (Spain), North & East Finland (Finland) and Lombardy (Italy). A thorough analysis will be performed for each region indicating the ways in which each of the identified scenarios will affect it in terms of demographics (e.g. changing population rates, age structure), society (e.g. poverty rates, household income), welfare system and labour market (e.g. unemployment, share of tertiary sector, knowledge intensive jobs). A comparative analysis will be performed between the selected regions.

Data Management Plan - Final

This report will constitute an updated version of D6.3 and will outline the partners’ approach to address crucial management aspects of the data that will be collected / generated in the course of project, beyond the project lifetime. – Final version

Alignment of MOBI-TWIN with RRI principles - First

The first draft of the report presenting the ways in which the MOBI-TWIN scope and aims will be aligned with the values, needs and expectations of society by incorporating throughout the project processes the RRI principles (science education, gender equality, governance, open access, public engagement and ethics). It will map all the elements of the project that need to be aligned with the RRI principles and develop a set of KPIs that will be used to monitor the overall RRI dimension of the project.

Review of EU policies and risk mitigation measures affecting freedom of movement between regions

A report presenting the outcomes of an extended literature review of the EU policies and the risk mitigation measures affecting freedom of movement between EU and Associated countries. It will identify and further elaborate on the different types of policies that have been applied across EU countries towards tackling recent challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Brexit.

Exploitation, IPR Management and Sustainability Plan - Final

-The report will outline the potential exploitation routes of the project's outcomes as those will be identified ensuring that innovative ideas that surface from project activities will be timely captured and meticulously investigated in terms of exploitation potential – Final version

Alignment of MOBI-TWIN with RRI principles - Final

A report with the updated (final) version of D4.1 including the monitoring outcomes of the selected KPIs.

Dissemination and Communication Results

-The report will summarise all the information related to the project’s dissemination communication activities (scope, context, outcomes, etc.) that were deployed with a view to reach the relevant stakeholders and communicate project activities and findings.

MOBI-TWIN Policy Brief

The Policy Brief developed in M36 will include the main highlights on the findings of the project that can be used to strengthen EU Policy towards more effectively setting in motion new regional policies that could maximise the impact of spatial mobility during twin transition. It will be distributed to other relevant projects and initiatives, as well as policymakers across the EU through the MOBI-TWIN channels.

MOBI-TWIN website

The project website will be the main online space for public level communication and will provide general project information, news and outcomes all the while building a community of relevant stakeholders.

Complete MOBI-TWIN dataset

A concrete dataset for the project by collecting, storing and combining existing survey and registered datasets (e.g. Eurostat; Eurobarometer; EU SILC; EU LFS) with publicly available novel big data sources – processed data products from mobile phone data and Facebook and raw data from Twitter via Academic API. Database will be created and managed by the UH, while providing a secure access via VPN for all project partners and computational resources for delivering the project. Database will be hosted in a secure and high-capacity computing environment of the CSC (IT Center for Science) – a non-profit Finnish centre of expertise in information technology owned by the Finnish state and higher education institutions, including University of Helsinki (www.csc.fi).

Pubblicazioni

The local effects of income support to families with children in Italy and Greece

Autori: Francesco Figari, Marcello Matranga, Francesco Cellino, Manos Matsaganis
Pubblicato in: The Annals of Regional Science, Numero 75, 2026, ISSN 1432-0592
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1007/S00168-026-01514-6

The role of regional readiness for green and digital transitions in shaping attractiveness: a composite index approach

Autori: Vicente Royuela, Anastasia Panori, Jordi López-Tamayo
Pubblicato in: The Annals of Regional Science, Numero 75, 2026, ISSN 1432-0592
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1007/S00168-026-01493-8

How regional characteristics drive various human mobility types across Europe

Autori: Milad Malekzadeh, Tuomas Väisänen, Anastasia Panori, Vicente Royuela, Olle Järv
Pubblicato in: Nature Communications, 2026, ISSN 2041-1723
Editore: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-026-73288-6

Mobility of Erasmus+ students in Europe: Geolocated individual and aggregate mobility flows from 2014 to 2022

Autori: Tuomas Väisänen; Milad Malekzadeh; Oula Inkeröinen; Olle Järv
Pubblicato in: Scientific Data, 2025, ISSN 2052-4463
Editore: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1038/S41597-025-04789-0

The twin transition and flexible work arrangements: A systematic literature review

Autori: Luca Alfieri, Ilaria Mariotti, Federica Rossi
Pubblicato in: ScienceDirect, Numero 395, 2025, ISSN 1095-8630
Editore: Elvesier
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2025.127988

Twin Transition Attitudes and Regional Left‐Behindness: Unpacking the Drivers of Interregional Migration Intentions

Autori: Anastasia Panori, Elli Papastergiou, Tuomas Väisänen, Milad Malekzadeh, Olle Järv
Pubblicato in: Social Inclusion, Numero 14, 2026, ISSN 2183-2803
Editore: Cogitatio
DOI: 10.17645/SI.11543

Green attitudes and interregional migration intentions: Evidence from the EU

Autori: Anastasia Panori, Christina D. Mikropoulou
Pubblicato in: Papers in Regional Science, Numero 105, 2026, ISSN 1056-8190
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.PIRS.2025.100134

A framework for analysing spatial mobility in the green and digital transition: The MOBI-TWIN approach

Autori: Anastasia Panori, Vicente Royuela, Olle Järv
Pubblicato in: Societal Impacts, Numero 7, 2026, ISSN 2949-6977
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCIMP.2026.100180

Unraveling the nexus: Subjective well-being and left-behind places

Autori: Anastasia Panori, Athanasios Kalogeresis, Elli Papastergiou, Thanasis Ziogas, Dimitris Ballas
Pubblicato in: Regional Science Policy & Practice, Numero 17, 2025, ISSN 1757-7802
Editore: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.RSPP.2025.100222

Foresight on spatial mobility during green and digital transitions: insights from five European regions

Autori: Anastasia Panori, Natalia Glowacka, Asya Salnikova
Pubblicato in: European Planning Studies, 2026, ISSN 0965-4313
Editore: Informa UK Limited
DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2026.2698851

Distributional effects of the Italian universal child benefit at local level

Autori: Figari F., Fiorio C., Matranga M., Matsaganis M.
Pubblicato in: Politiche Sociali, 2025, ISSN 2531-6389
Editore: IRIS AIR
DOI: 10.7389/117596

Regional Attractiveness Index (RAI) and Indicator Database for EU NUTS2 Regions (2010–2022)

Autori: Royuela, Vicente and López-Tamayo, Jordi
Pubblicato in: 2025
Editore: The Mobi-Twin Project
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.16356328

Complete Mobi-Twin Dataset

Autori: Väisänen, Tuomas (Data curator); Malekzadeh, Milad (Data curator); Havusela, Maija (Data collector); Inkeröinen, Oula (Data collector); Järv, Olle (Data curator)
Pubblicato in: 2026
Editore: MOBI-TWIN Project
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14228376

Edge-bundling tool for regional mobility flow data

Autori: Väisänen, Tuomas (Contact person); Inkeröinen, Oula (Data curator); Malekzadeh, Milad (Researcher); Järv, Olle (Data leader)
Pubblicato in: 2025
Editore: The Mobi-Twin Project
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14532547

The Twin Transition and Flexible Work Arrangements: A Systematic Literature Review

Autori: Luca Alfieri, Ilaria Mariotti, Federica Rossi
Pubblicato in: 2024
Editore: 2024 Regional Science Association (RSA) Annual Conference

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Risultati finali

Pubblicazioni

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