Description du projet
L’énigme des gaz à effet de serre cachés dans les tourbières
L’oxyde nitreux (N2O), un puissant gaz à effet de serre et un agent appauvrissant la couche d’ozone, est une préoccupation environnementale croissante. Les tourbières, où l’agriculture et la sylviculture prospèrent, contribuent considérablement aux émissions de N2O, mais nous ne comprenons pas pleinement ces émissions. Dans ce contexte, le projet PeatlandN2O, financé par le CER, permettra de démêler les complexités des émissions de N2O en utilisant des techniques de mesure innovantes et des modèles prédictifs pour relever ce défi environnemental de plus en plus important. Grâce à des techniques de mesure innovantes et à une approche globale, ce projet vise non seulement à apporter un éclairage sur cette question, mais aussi à ouvrir la voie à des stratégies d’atténuation plus efficaces dans la lutte contre le changement climatique.
Objectif
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and dangerous stratospheric O3 depleting agent. Agriculture and forestry in peatlands are the main sources of N2O emissions. Climate extreme events may boost the emissions but knowledge on their effect is scarce. N2O is a product of a variety of soil processes, including denitrification, nitrification and less studied mechanisms. Partitioning of N2O fluxes between all these different mechanisms is still a major challenge. Microbial processes are of particular importance for N2O budgets. The role of canopy and tree stems in N2O budgets is currently unknown. Novel flux measurement techniques implemented at different levels in combination with remote sensing methods can provide a solid basis for adequate estimation of long-term N2O fluxes in peatlands from local to the global scale. The ground-breaking nature of the proposal lies in integrated use of a combination of innovative methods yielding a pioneering synthesis and modelling of nitrous oxide fluxes at various spatial scales, linked to microbial processes. PeatlandN2O project will:
(1) determine the role of rapidly changing environmental factors (soil moisture, freeze–thaw, canopy effects) on N2O emission, particularly in hot spots and hot moments;
(2) distinguish between and quantify key N2O production and consumption processes using labelled nitrogen, isotopologues, and microbiome structure;
(3) integrate results of experiments and novel measurement techniques (automated chambers, stationary and mobile eddy covariance towers, canopy profile analysis) into the PEATN2O model of N2O fluxes and related environmental factors to enable prediction of hot spots and hot moments of N2O emissions;
(4) upgrade IPCC emission factors and suitable land-use strategies to mitigate N2O emissions in peatlands, also considering other greenhouse gases;
(5) predict global distribution of N2O emissions according to the land-use and 5 climate change scenarios for 100-year time horizon.
Champ scientifique
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringremote sensing
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesecologyecosystems
- natural sciencesearth and related environmental sciencesatmospheric sciencesclimatologyclimatic changes
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiology
- agricultural sciencesagriculture, forestry, and fisheriesforestry
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
- HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC GrantsInstitution d’accueil
51005 Tartu
Estonie