An innovative Virtual Reality based intrusion detection, incident investigation and response approach for enhancing the resilience, security, privacy and accountability of complex and heterogeneous digital systems and infrastructures

Livrables

Intermidiary Report on Contribution to Certification Standardisation

The report will describe the contributions to the standardization bodies, consortiums and Alliance.

Dissemination and Communication Strategy

This report will describe the plan for the dissemination activities and strategies for engaging stakeholders.

Intermediary Report on Dissemination and Communication Activities

The report will explain the dissemination activities that were carried out during the first reporting period.

Publications

Vulnerability detection using BERT based LLM model with transparency obligation practice towards trustworthy AI

Auteurs: Jean Haurogné, Nihala Basheer, Shareeful Islam
Publié dans: Machine Learning with Applications, Numéro 18, 2024, ISSN 2666-8270
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.mlwa.2024.100598

Adoption of Deep-Learning Models for Managing Threat in API Calls with Transparency Obligation Practice for Overall Resilience

Auteurs: Nihala Basheer, Shareeful Islam, Mohammed K. S. Alwaheidi, Spyridon Papastergiou
Publié dans: Sensors, Numéro 24, 2025, ISSN 1424-8220
Éditeur: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14806311

Decentralized Anomaly Detection Using Deep Feed-Forward Neural Networks

Auteurs: C. Lübben & M.O. Pahl
Publié dans: International Journal of Network Management, 2025, ISSN 1055-7148
Éditeur: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOI: 10.1002/NEM.70032

Sensors

Auteurs: Basheer, Nihala; Islam, Shareeful; Alwaheidi, Mohammed K. S.; Papastergiou, Spyridon
Publié dans: Sensors, Numéro 24(15), 2024, ISSN 1424-8220
Éditeur: MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s24154859

A Stakeholder Needs Analysis in Cybersecurity: A Systemic Approach to Enhancing Digital Infrastructure Resilience

Auteurs: Panagiotis Katrakazas, Spyros Papastergiou
Publié dans: Businesses, Numéro 4, 2024, ISSN 2673-7116
Éditeur: MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/BUSINESSES4020015

Explainable AI based dynamic cybersecurity risk management for cyber insurability

Auteurs: Spyridon Papastergiou, Nihala Basheer, Kostas Lampropoulos, Panayiotis Verrios, Shareeful Islam
Publié dans: International Journal of Information Security, Numéro 25, 2026, ISSN 1615-5262
Éditeur: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.20935205

Hybrid AI-Based dynamic risk assessment framework with explainable AI practices for composite product cybersecurity certification

Auteurs: Shareeful Islam, Bilal Sardar, Eleni Maria Kalogeraki, Kostas Lampropoulos, Spyridon Papastergiou
Publié dans: International Journal of Information Security, Numéro 25, 2026, ISSN 1615-5270
Éditeur: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.20935379

Large language model based hybrid framework for automatic vulnerability detection with explainable AI for cybersecurity enhancement

Auteurs: N. Basheer, S. Islam, M. K. S. Alwaheidi, H. Mouratidis & S. Papastergiou
Publié dans: Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, Numéro 33, 2025, ISSN 1875-8835
Éditeur: SAGE Publications Ltd
DOI: 10.1177/10692509251368663

Securing the Precision Time Protocol with SDN-enabled Cyclic Path Asymmetry Analysis

Auteurs: A. Finkenzeller, A. Fucks, E. Regnath, M. Hamad & S. Steinhorst
Publié dans: ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, Numéro 9, 2025, ISSN 2378-9638
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3728363

Federated Learning-Based Personalized Recommendation Systems: An Overview on Security and Privacy Challenges

Auteurs: Danish Javeed, Muhammad Shahid Saeed, Prabhat Kumar, Alireza Jolfaei, Shareeful Islam, A. K. M. Najmul Islam
Publié dans: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Numéro 70, 2024, ISSN 0098-3063
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.1109/TCE.2023.3318754

Enhancing Security Through Task Migration in Software-Defined Vehicles

Auteurs: M. Hamad, Z. A. H. Hammadeh, D. Alessi, M. Hasan, M. Pese, D. Luedtke & S. Steinhorst
Publié dans: IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Numéro 12, 2025, ISSN 2327-4662
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2025.3611875

Automated penetration testing: Formalization and realization

Auteurs: Charilaos Skandylas; Mikael Asplund
Publié dans: Computers & Security, Numéro 155, 2025, ISSN 1872-6208
Éditeur: Elsevier
DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2412.12745

RESCUE: A Reconfigurable Scheduling Framework for Securing Multi-Core Real-Time Systems

Auteurs: Z. A. H. Hammadeh, M. Hasan & M. Hamad
Publié dans: ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, Numéro 9, 2025, ISSN 2378-9638
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3728364

A responsible AI-driven framework for robust and transparent software vulnerability detection

Auteurs: N. Basheer, S. Islam, P. Kumar, D. Javeed, N. Islam
Publié dans: Information and Software Technology, Numéro 195, 2026, ISSN 0950-5849
Éditeur: Elsevier B.V.
DOI: 10.1016/J.INFSOF.2026.108126

Cyber Threat Assessment and Management for Securing Healthcare Ecosystems using Natural Language Processing

Auteurs: Stefano Silvestri; Shareful Islam; Dmitry Amelin; Gabriele Weiler; Spyridon Papastergiou; Mario Ciampi
Publié dans: International Journal of Information Security, Numéro 23, 2023, ISSN 1615-5270
Éditeur: Springer
DOI: 10.1007/S10207-023-00769-W

Digital Twins-enabled Zero Touch Network: A smart contract and explainable AI integrated cybersecurity framework

Auteurs: Randhir Kumar, Ahamed Aljuhani, Danish Javeed, Prabhat Kumar, Shareeful Islam, A.K.M. Najmul Islam
Publié dans: Future Generation Computer Systems, Numéro 156, 2024, ISSN 0167-739X
Éditeur: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.future.2024.02.015

Generative AI and Cognitive Computing-Driven Intrusion Detection System in Industrial CPS

Auteurs: Islam, Shareeful; Javeed, Danish; Saeed, Muhammad Shahid; Kumar, Prabhat; Jolfaei, Alireza; Islam, A. K. M. Najmul Islam
Publié dans: Cognitive Computation, Numéro 16, 2024, ISSN 1866-9964
Éditeur: Springer
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13254989

Securing the Future of Railway Systems: A Comprehensive Cybersecurity Strategy for Critical On-Board and Track-Side Infrastructure

Auteurs: N. Ibadah, C. Benavente-Peces & M.O. Pahl
Publié dans: Sensors, Numéro 24, 2024, ISSN 1424-8220
Éditeur: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/S24248218

Enhancing Malware Detection through Machine Learning using XAI with SHAP Framework

Auteurs: N. Basheer, B. Pranggono, S. Islam, S.Papastergiou, H. Mouratidis
Publié dans: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (IFIPAICT), Volume 711, 2024, ISSN 1868-4238
Éditeur: Springer Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63211-2_24

Sensor Fusion Desynchronization Attacks

Auteurs: Andreas Finkenzeller; Andrew Roberts; Mauro Bellone; Olaf Maennel; Mohammad Hamad; Sebastian Steinhorst
Publié dans: 37th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2025), Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 335, 2025, ISSN 1868-8969
Éditeur: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
DOI: 10.4230/LIPICS.ECRTS.2025.6

Pouvez-vous détecter le piège? Détection de pots de miel face à l’évolution des tactiques d’évasion

Auteurs: Mathis Durand; Alexandre Dey; Yvon Kermarrec; Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 4143 – Proceedings of the 32nd Computer & Electronics Security Application Rendezvous (C&ESAR 2025), 2025, ISSN 1613-0073
Éditeur: CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.20924239

A Gamified Learning Approach for IoT Security Education Using Capture-the-Flag Competitions: Architecture and Insights

Auteurs: M. Hamad, A. Finkenzeller, M. Hasan, M.O. Pahl & S. Steinhorst
Publié dans: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Volume 15396, 2025, ISSN 1611-3349
Éditeur: Springer, Cham
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-79007-2_9

Closing the Loop in Embedded Security: Evolution of an AIOps Framework for Threat Hunting

Auteurs: Mohammed Mezaouli, Yehya Nasser, Samir Saoudi, Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: NOMS 2026-2026 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2026, ISSN 2374-9709
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.20931759

Synthetic Data Generation and Impact Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Enhanced Credit Card Fraud Detection

Auteurs: Islam Shareeful, Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed, Hasan Md. Mahmudul, Papastergiou Spyridon, Mouratidis Haralambos
Publié dans: 20th Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI2024), 2024
Éditeur: AIAI
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14832599

Securing Real-Time Systems using Schedule Reconfiguration

Auteurs: Hamad Mohammad, Hammadeh Zain A. H., Hasan, Monowar
Publié dans: 2024 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), 2024
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14806788

PTPsec: Securing the Precision Time Protocol Against Time Delay Attacks Using Cyclic Path Asymmetry Analysis

Auteurs: Andreas Finkenzeller, Oliver Butowski, Emanuel Regnath, Mohammad Hamad, Sebastian Steinhorst
Publié dans: IEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, 2024, ISSN 2641-9874
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14806692

Real-Time Instruction-Level Anomaly Detection for Embedded Applications Using AI

Auteurs: Mohammed Mezaouli, Yehya Nasser, Samir Saoudi, Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: NOMS 2026-2026 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2026, ISSN 2374-9709
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.20931666

Industrialized Deception: The Collateral Effects of LLM-Generated Misinformation on Digital Ecosystems

Auteurs: Alexander Loth; Martin Kappes; Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW Companion ’26), 2026
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3774905.3795471

The Verification Crisis: Expert Perceptions of GenAI Disinformation and the Case for Reproducible Provenance

Auteurs: Alexander Loth; Martin Kappes; Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW Companion ’26), 2026
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3774905.3795484

Advanced IDPS Architecture for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Auteurs: Sherin Kalli Valappil, Lars Vogel, Mohammad Hamad, Sebastian Steinhorst
Publié dans: 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2024, ISSN 2642-7214
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14806852

Security Challenges in Autonomous Systems Design

Auteurs: Mohammad Hamad, Sebastian Steinhorst
Publié dans: Communications in Computer and Information Science, Computational Technologies and Electronics, 2025
Éditeur: Springer Nature Switzerland
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81981-0_13

Securing Real-Time Systems using Schedule Reconfiguration

Auteurs: Zain A. H. Hammadeh, Monowar Hasan, Mohammad Hamad
Publié dans: 2024 IEEE 27th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), 2024, ISSN 2770-1611
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.1109/ISORC61049.2024.10551328

Eroding the Truth-Default: A Causal Analysis of Human Susceptibility to Foundation Model Hallucinations and Disinformation in the Wild

Auteurs: Alexander Loth; Martin Kappes; Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2026 (WWW Companion ’26), 2026
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3774905.3795832

Auteurs: Christian Lübben, Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: NOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2024
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575258

L’Apprentissage Machine au Sein des Jumeaux Numériques pour l’Estimation et la Détection des Menaces

Auteurs: Hugo Bourreau; Marc-Oliver Pahl; Fabien Dagnat; Fehmi Jaafar
Publié dans: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 4143 – Proceedings of the 32nd Computer & Electronics Security Application Rendezvous (C&ESAR 2025), 2025, ISSN 1613-0073
Éditeur: CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.20925979

SoK: Security of the Image Processing Pipeline for Camera-based Sensing in Autonomous Vehicles

Auteurs: Michael Kühr; Mohammad Hamad; Pedram MohajerAnsari; Mert D. Pesé; Sebastian Steinhorst
Publié dans: Proceedings of the ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ASIA CCS ’26), 2026
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3779208.3785267

Enhancing Malware Detection through Machine Learning using XAI with SHAP Framework

Auteurs: Islam Shareeful, Papastergiou Spyridon, Mouratidis Haralambos, Pranggono Bernardi
Publié dans: 20th Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI2024), 2024
Éditeur: AIAI
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14832484

Revealing Embedded System Behaviors: A Comparative Analysis of Power Consumption and Hardware Performance Counters

Auteurs: Mohammed Mezaouli; Yehya Nasser; Samir Saoudi; Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Vol. 16233, 2026
Éditeur: Springer, Cham
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-16165-9_21

Origin Lens: Reclaiming Trust on the AI-Mediated Web Through On-Device Image Provenance Verification

Auteurs: Alexander Loth; Dominique Conceicao Rosario; Peter Ebinger; Martin Kappes; Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: Companion Publication of the 2026 18th ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci Companion ’26), 2026
Éditeur: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
DOI: 10.1145/3795513.3806658

Synthetic Data Generation and Impact Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Enhanced Credit Card Fraud Detection

Auteurs: A. A. Khaled, Md M. Hasan, S. Islam, S. Papastergiou, H. Mouratidis
Publié dans: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (IFIPAICT), Volume 711, 2024, ISSN 1868-4238
Éditeur: Springer, Cham
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63211-2_27

Creating a Security Enforcement Environment for a Vehicular Platform

Auteurs: Tsantekidis, Marinos; Abdelghani, Souleima; Hamad, Mohammad; Prevelakis, Vassilis
Publié dans: 2023 IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2023, ISSN 2644-3252
Éditeur: IEEE
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10282179

Shells Bells: Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection in Data Centers

Auteurs: Lars Wüstrich, Sebastian Gallenmüller, Stephan Günther, Georg Carle, Marc-Oliver Pahl
Publié dans: NOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2024, ISSN 2374-9709
Éditeur: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.14807181

REACT: Autonomous intrusion response system for intelligent vehicles

Auteurs: Mohammad Hamad; Andreas Finkenzeller; Michael Kühr; Andrew Roberts; Olaf Maennel; Vassilis Prevelakis; Sebastian Steinhorst
Publié dans: Computers & Security, 2024
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2401.04792

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