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Understanding of the Membrane Connection Linking the Nucleus to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Project description

Decoding intracellular communication

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles which enable them to compartmentalise biochemical and biological processes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves a vital purpose in facilitating precise inter-organelle communication, supplying proteins and lipids. Funded by the European Research Council, the conNEctoER project addresses a gap in scientific knowledge related to the mechanisms governing ER-nuclear envelope (NE) junctions. Recent findings suggest a dynamic ultrastructure of these junctions during the cell cycle, prompting investigation into the role of membrane proteins. By combining electron microscopy and live imaging, researchers aim to elucidate the ER-NE junction formation and function, shedding light on gene expression, nuclear organisation, and disease mechanisms.

Objective

Compartmentalization into membrane-bound organelles is a key feature of all eukaryotic cells, and communication between organelles needs to be tightly controlled. A key organelle for the inter-organelle communication is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is the major site of lipid and membrane protein synthesis. The ER exchanges molecules by forming stable contact sites with multiple organelles such as mitochondria via specific tethering proteins and transporters. In contrast to these contact sites, the ER is linked to the nucleus via direct fusion to the outer nuclear membrane of the nuclear envelope (NE). These ER-NE junctions are essential for supplying the lipids and proteins that are synthesized in the ER to the NE. Hence, nuclear function and morphology depend on the proper communication via ER-NE junctions. However, the biogenesis, architecture and maintenance of ER-NE junctions have remained elusive.
We have recently found that ER-NE junctions exhibit a narrow and constricted ultrastructure during the cell cycle in mammalian cells. These observations led us to postulate that ER-NE junctions are formed and maintained by specific membrane-shaping proteins that are crucial for nuclear function. Here, we propose to identify the molecular mechanism that governs the structure and function of ER-NE junctions. We will provide a quantitative and dynamic high-resolution view of these enigmatic structures by combining time-resolved electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging with molecular perturbations. Using these datasets, we aim to develop a mechanistic model of how ER-NE junctions form and contribute to nuclear function.
The NE proteins supplied via ER-NE junctions have critical roles in gene expression, nuclear organization, and nuclear pore biogenesis, as well as in differentiation, development, and disease. Therefore, our research will provide a new conceptual framework that will open lines of investigation in many fields beyond ER/NE biology.

Host institution

MEDIZINISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN
Net EU contribution
€ 1 995 843,00
Address
SPITALGASSE 23
1090 Wien
Austria

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Region
Ostösterreich Wien Wien
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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Total cost
€ 1 995 843,00

Beneficiaries (1)