Projektbeschreibung
Die intrazelluläre Kommunikation entschlüsseln
In eukaryontischen Zellen gibt es membrangebundene Organellen, mit denen biochemische und biologische Prozesse kompartimentiert werden können. Das endoplasmatische Retikulum ist entscheidend für die präzise Kommunikation zwischen Organellen und produziert Proteine und Lipide. Finanziert über den Europäischen Forschungsrat wird im Projekt conNEctoER eine Wissenslücke zu den Mechanismen geschlossen, über die Verbindungen zwischen dem endoplasmatischen Retikulum und der Kernmembran reguliert werden. Aus jüngsten Erkenntnissen lässt sich eine dynamische Ultrastruktur dieser Verbindungen während des Zellzyklus erkennen. Daher wird jetzt die Rolle der Membranproteine erforscht. Die Forschenden kombinieren Elektronenmikroskopie mit Life-Imaging, um die Bildung und Funktion dieser Verbindungen offenzulegen und mehr über Genexpression, Kernaufbau und Krankheitsmechanismen zu erfahren.
Ziel
Compartmentalization into membrane-bound organelles is a key feature of all eukaryotic cells, and communication between organelles needs to be tightly controlled. A key organelle for the inter-organelle communication is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is the major site of lipid and membrane protein synthesis. The ER exchanges molecules by forming stable contact sites with multiple organelles such as mitochondria via specific tethering proteins and transporters. In contrast to these contact sites, the ER is linked to the nucleus via direct fusion to the outer nuclear membrane of the nuclear envelope (NE). These ER-NE junctions are essential for supplying the lipids and proteins that are synthesized in the ER to the NE. Hence, nuclear function and morphology depend on the proper communication via ER-NE junctions. However, the biogenesis, architecture and maintenance of ER-NE junctions have remained elusive.
We have recently found that ER-NE junctions exhibit a narrow and constricted ultrastructure during the cell cycle in mammalian cells. These observations led us to postulate that ER-NE junctions are formed and maintained by specific membrane-shaping proteins that are crucial for nuclear function. Here, we propose to identify the molecular mechanism that governs the structure and function of ER-NE junctions. We will provide a quantitative and dynamic high-resolution view of these enigmatic structures by combining time-resolved electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging with molecular perturbations. Using these datasets, we aim to develop a mechanistic model of how ER-NE junctions form and contribute to nuclear function.
The NE proteins supplied via ER-NE junctions have critical roles in gene expression, nuclear organization, and nuclear pore biogenesis, as well as in differentiation, development, and disease. Therefore, our research will provide a new conceptual framework that will open lines of investigation in many fields beyond ER/NE biology.
Wissenschaftliches Gebiet
Schlüsselbegriffe
Programm/Programme
- HORIZON.1.1 - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme
Thema/Themen
Finanzierungsplan
HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC GrantsGastgebende Einrichtung
1090 Wien
Österreich