Developing GRAFTing to enABLE hybridisation of new species for agriculture and forestry

Descripción del proyecto

Plantas híbridas para lograr una agricultura y silvicultura sostenibles

La agricultura moderna se basa en nuevos cultivos y técnicas para mejorar el rendimiento, la resistencia a las enfermedades y la tolerancia a la sequía y las temperaturas extremas. Un ejemplo es el injerto, un proceso en el que dos plantas se cortan y se unen. En la unión del injerto se forman células híbridas entre las dos plantas, lo cual permite la hibridación de especies vegetales distantes. Sin embargo, la hibridación celular sigue siendo poco conocida. En este contexto, el equipo del proyecto GRAFT-ABLE, financiado por el Consejo Europeo de Investigación, pretende utilizar técnicas avanzadas de microscopía, secuenciación e injerto para explorar cómo se hibridan las células en las plantas. Los hallazgos conducirán al desarrollo de métodos para aislar y cultivar híbridos, lo cual podría generar plantas superiores para fines agrícolas y forestales.

Objetivo

Modern agriculture depends on developing new crops and techniques to enhance yields, disease resistance and tolerance to drought and extreme temperatures. One such innovation has been the development of plant grafting whereby two plants are cut and joined together to combine their best properties. At the graft junction, cells from the different plants expand, divide and in some instances exchange genetic material including DNA. This exchange of DNA forms hybrid cells between the two plants. Our ability to graft distantly related plants is growing and thus, hybridisation at the graft junction is a promising means to allow plants to hybridise that normally could not. However, how tissues fuse and cells hybridise remains largely unknown, and our ability to exploit this hybridisation technology remains limited

In GRAFT-ABLE, I will consolidate my expertise in plant grafting and build a dedicated team to identify the processes and molecular players that contribute to tissue fusion and DNA exchange at the graft junction in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a combination of advanced microscopy techniques, single cell sequencing and genetic screens, I will identify how cells hybridise and determine which genes and cells contribute to hybrid cell formation. Using this information, I will deploy chemicals and novel grafting techniques to enhance hybridisation rates and to develop transgene free methods for hybrid formation. Graft hybrids will be generated from Arabidopsis thaliana to its relatives and also from various agriculturally relevant species.

By unravelling the molecular and developmental processes that occur at the graft junction, GRAFT-ABLE will provide fundamental information to better understand how different plants fuse tissues, how hybrids form and develop novel methodologies to isolate and grow hybrids. Such hybrids could overcome breeding barriers and combine genomes from two species to form superior plants for agriculture and forestry.