DNA Encryption of Compartmentalized DNA Files

Descripción del proyecto

Almacenamiento de datos digitales cifrados en el ADN

El almacenamiento a largo plazo de datos digitales se enfrenta a importantes retos debido a las limitaciones de sostenibilidad de las tecnologías actuales. El almacenamiento de datos en el ADN es un campo innovador y en rápido desarrollo que aprovecha las propiedades naturales del ADN para codificar y preservar la información. El concepto consiste en codificar datos binarios en secuencias de nucleótidos (A, T, C y G) y sintetizar moléculas de ADN que representen información digital. Dicho método no solo ofrece una densidad de almacenamiento sin parangón, sino también longevidad. El equipo del proyecto DNACryp, financiado por el Consejo Europeo de Investigación, pretende desarrollar un novedoso método de cifrado molecular para el almacenamiento de ADN basado en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, estándar de oro de la amplificación del ADN. El objetivo principal es proteger los datos de accesos no autorizados.

Objetivo

Current technologies for digital data storage (e.g. tapes and hard disc drives) have hit various sustainability limits. A significant share of new data is not stored beyond the short term, and conventional storage media do not have the longevity, data density or cost efficiency to meet global demand. Longer-term projections forecast that the overall demand for digital storage will exceed supply by up to three orders of magnitude by 2040. DNA data storage has several advantages compared to magnetic or optical data storage, such as extremely high data densities, high stability, and limited energy needs. Considerable effort has been devoted to developing efficient encoding algorithms and methods for DNA storage and retrieval. However, a complete data storage solution also requires the stored information to be protected from unwanted data access.
In DNA Encryption of Compartmentalized DNA Files (DNACryp), we will develop a novel molecular-level encryption method for data stored on compartmentalized DNA files based on a revolutionary PCR-based random-access readout strategy that our lab has recently developed. In contrast to digital encryption methods, molecular-level encryption is resistant to automated, computer-based attacks. To achieve this goal, DNA files are co-encapsulated with locker DNA templates that disrupt random-access readout. Using a unique, sequence specific key strand, locker templates can be removed, and PCR-based readout restored. Specifically, we will develop (i) an encoding pipeline for data-encoding DNA strands allowing for encryption, (ii) proof-of-principle experiments showing the validity of the locker/key concept, (iii) molecular-level encryption of a 1MB book. DNACryp methodology is highly interdisciplinary building on expertise in computer science, engineering, chemistry, and material science. DNACryp impact spans applications and technology domains and will be disseminated and exploited to benefit European society and industry.