DNA Encryption of Compartmentalized DNA Files

Projektbeschreibung

Verschlüsselte digitale Daten in DNS speichern

Die langfristige Speicherung digitaler Daten stellt aufgrund der begrenzten Nachhaltigkeit derzeitiger Technologien eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Speicherung von Daten in DNS ist ein innovatives und sich rasch entwickelndes Gebiet, das die natürlichen Eigenschaften der DNS zur Codierung und Aufbewahrung von Informationen nutzt. Das Konzept besteht darin, binäre Daten in Sequenzen von Nukleotiden (A, T, C, G) zu kodieren und DNS-Moleküle zu synthetisieren, die digitale Informationen darstellen. Dieser Ansatz bietet nicht nur eine unvergleichlich hohe Speicherdichte, sondern auch Langlebigkeit. Ziel des ERC-finanzierten Projekts DNACryp ist es, eine neuartige molekulare Verschlüsselungsmethode für die DNS-Speicherung zu entwickeln, die auf dem Goldstandard der DNS-Amplifikation, der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion, basiert. Das Hauptziel liegt im Datenschutz vor unberechtigtem Zugriff.

Ziel

Current technologies for digital data storage (e.g. tapes and hard disc drives) have hit various sustainability limits. A significant share of new data is not stored beyond the short term, and conventional storage media do not have the longevity, data density or cost efficiency to meet global demand. Longer-term projections forecast that the overall demand for digital storage will exceed supply by up to three orders of magnitude by 2040. DNA data storage has several advantages compared to magnetic or optical data storage, such as extremely high data densities, high stability, and limited energy needs. Considerable effort has been devoted to developing efficient encoding algorithms and methods for DNA storage and retrieval. However, a complete data storage solution also requires the stored information to be protected from unwanted data access.
In DNA Encryption of Compartmentalized DNA Files (DNACryp), we will develop a novel molecular-level encryption method for data stored on compartmentalized DNA files based on a revolutionary PCR-based random-access readout strategy that our lab has recently developed. In contrast to digital encryption methods, molecular-level encryption is resistant to automated, computer-based attacks. To achieve this goal, DNA files are co-encapsulated with locker DNA templates that disrupt random-access readout. Using a unique, sequence specific key strand, locker templates can be removed, and PCR-based readout restored. Specifically, we will develop (i) an encoding pipeline for data-encoding DNA strands allowing for encryption, (ii) proof-of-principle experiments showing the validity of the locker/key concept, (iii) molecular-level encryption of a 1MB book. DNACryp methodology is highly interdisciplinary building on expertise in computer science, engineering, chemistry, and material science. DNACryp impact spans applications and technology domains and will be disseminated and exploited to benefit European society and industry.