Spin-based hybrid semiconductor-superconductor devices for entanglement/swapping and quantum simulation

Ziel

Hybrid platforms, composed of diverse physical components, are key for studying new phenomena and devices as they combine complementary functionalities. One notable example is cavity quantum electrodynamics (2012 Physics Nobel Prize), where an atom is coupled to a photon localised in a cavity. In condensed matter physics, semiconductor-superconductor devices represent an intriguing hybrid system. Semiconductors form the backbone of modern technology, while superconductors serve as a natural source of entanglement. Cooper pairs, the fundamental mechanism that enables superconductivity, were first suggested in 1956. Surprisingly, to date, there has been no direct measurement of their maximally entangled singlet character, and despite the tremendous potential of s-wave superconductors for spin entanglement, long-coherence spin-based hybrid semiconductor-superconductor devices are largely unexplored. The SPINSWAP project aims to study this class of devices using Germanium quantum wells.
There have been significant, recent advances in Germanium in terms of material quality, proximity-induced superconductivity, and spin coherence. The PI’s group has played an instrumental role by realising the first Ge spin qubit, as well as the largest hard superconducting gap in planar Ge reported to date. In SPINSWAP, we will create the first p-type Cooper pair splitters, demonstrate the singlet nature of Cooper pairs, and use them to create a solid-state source for generating entangled spins on demand. Furthermore, for the first time, we will enable all-electric entanglement swapping between spins belonging to different Cooper pairs. Through sequential swapping experiments, entanglement will be distributed beyond two spins in a two-dimensional geometry, and its potential as a multipartite resource will be explored. Such multipartite entanglement is significant beyond error-correction, including measurement-based quantum computing and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics.

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