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Extended Probes in Quantum Field Theory: from Impurities to Confining Strings

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For decades, the theory of local observables has been central to every field of physics. This is largely due to the prominent role of local operators in our most sophisticated description of nature: quantum field theory. Yet all quantum and statistical systems also feature defects and extended excitations, corresponding to extended operators in quantum field theory, whose physics is far less explored yet promises new insights into the structure of matter and fundamental interactions.

The goal of this proposal is to explore how nonlocal observables—which are extended in space and/or time—can be used to expand our understanding of strongly interacting quantum systems. This will be pursued along three interconnected frontiers. The first two work packages focus on defects in gapless systems, with two aims: charting the space of nontrivial impurities in quantum matter, with pioneering applications to deconfined criticality and quantum spin liquids, and developing a systematic framework for real-time defect dynamics. The goals will be pursued by building on recent progress in the renormalization group description of defects and exploring new directions, such as the implications of causality for their dynamics.

The third work package will exploit nonlocal observables to probe the dual string description that emerges in confining gauge theories with a large number of colors, providing a new analytical handle on the theory of the strong interactions. Defects will play a central role in interpreting recent lattice results on glueballs and open flux tubes, while techniques developed in the first two work packages will be used to search for signatures of asymptotic freedom imprinted on the string worldsheet—a potentially groundbreaking program.

Overall, by leveraging the power of extended operators, this proposal will profoundly impact diverse areas of physics, from condensed matter systems to the theory of strong interactions.

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Gastgebende Einrichtung

SCUOLA INTERNAZIONALE SUPERIORE DI STUDI AVANZATI DI TRIESTE
Netto-EU-Beitrag
€ 1 274 017,00
Adresse
VIA BONOMEA 265
34136 Trieste
Italien
Region
Nord-Est Friuli-Venezia Giulia Trieste
Aktivitätstyp
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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€ 1 274 017,00

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