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Verwertbare Ergebnisse
The Rankers project's main result was a contribution to the emergence of a European culture of safe road engineering. In this framework, the tangible outputs were threefold:
- a "Road safety index" used for assessing and monitoring road safety;
- a catalogue of road infrastructure safety recommendations ranked according to their efficiency;
- an interactive application of the catalogue ("The eBook"), extended to urban vulnerable road users, available through the internet.
These outputs were due to several key results. First, the project adopted an integrated approach, addressing human (driver) behaviour, vehicle response and infrastructure - albeit with an emphasis on infrastructure, and its interactions with humans and vehicles.
This allowed to address both active (i.e. accident preventing) and passive (i.e. mitigating the effects of accidents) safety measures. As a final consequence of these activities, the project developed a performance-based ranking of safety recommendations, helping to prioritise the different solutions and optimise allocation of funds.
1. Rankers detailed experimental protocols to be conducted in field tests. These experimental protocols were based on an extensive review of the literature on accident statistics, infrastructure characterisations, human behaviour, and cost-benefit analysis. The identification of these main features influencing the occurrence of a certain accident typology (i.e. the set of scenarios defined) allowed the proposal of some recommendations for specifying the experimental protocols. Rankers was therefore able to define and develop two different experimental protocols, and undertook two kinds of field tests: one intended for infrastructure analysis and its interaction with the vehicle, and another one exclusively for human factor analysis.
2. The analysis task was performed in the three research areas considered (Human, Vehicle and Infrastructure), to ensure a holistic approach to accident and casualties mitigation. Its goal was to analyse the three areas considered in identified road segments, taking into account specific environmental and traffic conditions. The tests clearly indicated that road infrastructure factors provided improvement opportunities to reduce accident risk. Rankers therefore developed a measurable parameter in road infrastructure that can be used for assessing and monitoring the safety of a road segment (site inspection).
The fundamental policy implication of the project lies in the proposal for modifying existing guidelines in order to improve and harmonise future EU standards. In particular, the project forwards new criteria for road signs and infrastructure.
The project has also identified different aspects of the road infrastructure safety topic that may constitute future research initiatives, either because there is a lack of knowledge or there is not enough data to establish reliable recommendations. The most relevant can be summarised as follows:
- more data about the performance of the same countermeasures in different accident situations should be collected;
- installation and maintenance costs of several countermeasures are not available as frequently as would be desirable;
- new tools' effectiveness, such as road safety inspections, should also be assessed in order to demonstrate the benefits they can provide to road-safety improvement.
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