How complement molecules kill bacteria

Projektinformationen

ComBact

ID Finanzhilfevereinbarung: 639209

DOI

10.3030/639209

Projekt abgeschlossen

EK-Unterschriftsdatum 13 Februar 2015

Startdatum 1 März 2015

Enddatum 29 Februar 2020

Finanziert unter

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC)

Gesamtkosten

€ 1 497 290,00

EU-Beitrag

€ 1 497 290,00

Koordiniert durch

UNIVERSITAIR MEDISCH CENTRUM UTRECHT
Netherlands

Periodic Reporting for period 4 - ComBact (How complement molecules kill bacteria)

Berichtszeitraum: 2019-09-01 bis 2020-02-29

Zusammenfassung vom Kontext und den Gesamtzielen des Projekts

Problem/issue
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria form a serious threat for public health and novel treatment strategies are needed urgently. One way to achieve this is to improve the activity of our immune system via therapeutic antibodies or vaccination. However, such developments are severely hampered by the lack of mechanistic insights into anti-bacterial immune mechanisms.

Overall objective
This grant aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial killing by the human immune system. In particular, we investigate the molecular functioning of the complement system, a large protein network in plasma that plays an essential role in the immune response against all invading bacteria. Complement rapidly labels bacteria for phagocytosis by immune cells and directly kills Gram-negative bacteria via pore formation (Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)). Within the ERC project, we aimed to provide insight on how Gram-negative bacteria are directly killed by complement.

Main conclusions of the action
*We unraveled crucial mechanisms of MAC-mediated killing of Gram-negatives:
-that convertase enzymes are crucial for localized assembly of MAC pores
-that MAC collaborates with antibiotics and components of the immune system
*We published a patent showing that Antibody engineering can be used to improve complement-dependent killing of bacteria
*We established novel methodologies to study C5 convertases and killing of bacteria by MAC
*We established novel methods to measure how antimicrobial components lyse the different cell compartments of Gram-negative bacteria

Importance for society
A better understanding of complement will improve desired complement activation by therapeutic antibodies and vaccination strategies in infectious diseases. Furthermore, our studies will create new avenues for blocking the undesired complement activation during systemic bacterial infections and sepsis.

Arbeit, die ab Beginn des Projekts bis zum Ende des durch den Bericht erfassten Berichtszeitraums geleistet wurde, und die wichtigsten bis dahin erzielten Ergebnisse

"The aim of this ERC project is to provide insight into the molecular events necessary for bacterial killing by the complement system.
Major achievements of this project are:

Objective 1 (understand C5 convertase biology):
*We established novel methodologies to study C5 convertases (project publication #1,42)
*We obtained insights into mechanisms of C5 convertase inhibition (project publication #42)
*We published a patent showing that Antibody engineering can be used to improve complement-dependent killing of bacteria (project patent #1)

Objective 2 (Determine the role of C5 convertases in MAC assembly and insertion on bacteria):
-We unraveled crucial mechanisms of MAC-mediated killing of Gram-negatives (project publication #39,43,69)
-that convertase enzymes are crucial for localized assembly of MAC pores (project publication #43, 69)

Objective 3. Elucidate how the MAC kills bacteria:
*We identified different steps in the permeabilization of composite bacterial cell envelopes (project publication #43, 69)
-that MAC collaborates with antibiotics (project publication #45)
-Unique collaboration with MAC and immune cells (project publication #68)

In all, we made major scientific and technological achievements.
Our results were disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, one patent, and several (oral and poster) presentations on international conferences.
Our findings that antibiotics can collaborate with the immune system (#45) yielded a lot of media attention, including an article in a renowed dutch newspaper (Heesterbeek) and a live interview on dutch radio (Heesterbeek and Rooijakkers).
In 2019, paper #43 was awarded for ‘best first PhD paper’ at the Scientific Spring Meeting of the Dutch Society of Microbiology (NVMM & KNVM).
In 2020, the thesis of Dani Heesterbeek was selected as winner for the 'best thesis' in the category General Microbiology (Dutch Society of Microbiology (NVMM & KNVM)).
I was selected for the prestigious EMBO Young Investigator Programme
(http://www.embo.org/news/press-releases/2016/twenty-five-life-scientists-join-embo-young-investigator-network)"

Fortschritte, die über den aktuellen Stand der Technik hinausgehen und voraussichtliche potenzielle Auswirkungen (einschließlich der bis dato erzielten sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen und weiter gefassten gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen des Projekts)

By the end of this project we obtained unique biochemical insights into C5 convertases and greatly enhanced understanding of how the Membrane Attack Complex kills bacterial cells.

Cover of thesis Heesterbeek and AFM images of MAC pores on bacterial membranes