Descripción del proyecto
Dinámica y termodinámica de gotas líquidas, polarones y mezclas de átomos bosónicos ultrafrías
Los estudios de mezclas diluidas ultrafrías de dos conjuntos de átomos bosónicos han sido fundamentales para comprender la física de los sistemas cuánticos de muchos cuerpos, desde las estrellas de neutrones hasta los superconductores. En 2017, unos científicos crearon un nuevo estado de la materia que surge en estos sistemas: gotas líquidas formadas por pequeños grupos de átomos. Estas gotas de líquido cuántico son mucho más diluidas y frías que cualquier otro líquido. En las mezclas en las que los átomos de un componente superan ampliamente en número a los de los demás, los átomos minoritarios forman polarones de Bose. El proyecto UltraLiquid, que cuenta con el apoyo de las acciones Marie Skłodowska-Curie, sentará las bases teóricas de una descripción unificada de la dinámica y la termodinámica de gotas, polarones y mezclas de átomos bosónicos.
Objetivo
"Quantum mixtures dominate the physics of helium liquids, neutron stars, nuclear matter, quark-gluon plasma, quantum magnets and superconductors, but these systems are so dense that their complete
understanding remains a distant goal. Ultracold quantum mixtures of two bosonic gases constitute an ideally-tunable platform which allows for a complete control over interactions, temperature, and dimensionality, an in-depth understanding of the physics at stake, and the exploration of radically new phenomena. In state-of-the-art experiments on these mixtures, small clusters of atoms (1000-10000) were shown to become self-bound and highly-incompressible, due to the balance of attractive and repulsive forces. First observed in 2017, these liquid droplets constitute a new state of matter, much denser than quantum gases, but orders of magnitude more dilute and colder than any other liquid in Nature. A key property of these systems is that mean-field interactions are tuned to be overall weakly-attractive, so
that the stabilization mechanism which leads to droplet formation is provided only by quantum fluctuations. In mixtures where atoms of one component largely outnumber the others, the minority atoms become dressed by majority collective excitations forming Bose polarons, first observed in 2016. When polarons are immersed in a weakly-interacting bath, a controlled theoretical approach is possible even
when polaron-bath interactions are strong. Droplets and polarons constitute, respectively, the balanced and the highly-imbalanced limits of quantum mixtures, and the ""UltraLiquid"" project will lay theoretical firm ground for the unified description of their dynamics and thermodynamics, which will direct future experiments, and in close collaboration with our
team. These systems allow for far-reaching investigations of quantum many-body effects and high-resolution measurements inconceivable so far. These promise innovative applications in quantum metrology and quantum sensing."
Ámbito científico
- natural scienceschemical sciencesinorganic chemistrynoble gases
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesastronomystellar astronomyneutron stars
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesthermodynamics
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesnuclear physics
- natural sciencesphysical sciencescondensed matter physicsquantum gases
Programa(s)
Régimen de financiación
MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EFCoordinador
08034 Barcelona
España