In WP1, we tested the cognitive abilities of free-flying foragers and compared them to the cognitive abilities of foragers exposed to Sulfoxaflor, a pesticide recently released as an alternative to neonicotinoids. For this, we performed classical behavioural paradigms to test individual bee associative visual memory. We used learning and memory indexes combined with video tracking to identify the effects of the Sulfoximine-based pesticide on long-term memory.
Epigenetic marks are important genome remodelers in response to environmental changes and play an important role in establishing memory in honeybees. In WP2, we sought to characterize the neural network involved in epigenetic remodelling during memory formation. We have coupled super-resolution microscopy techniques allowing detection at the single cell level with methylome sequencing methods using the MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technology) portable sequencer, to identify the dynamic and positions of DNA methylations affected during exposure to a Sulfoximine-based pesticide.
Finally, in WP3, we tested two eco-innovative and field-based applicable approaches to mitigate the effects of Sulfoxalfor and improve the long-term memory of foragers. The restorative effects were demonstrated using the same memory evaluation indexes and molecular techniques described in the previous WPs.
As one of H2020's research priorities is to improve sustainable pollination, the dissemination of our work and our research interests were a priority during this fellowship. Specifically, the results of Dr Patalano's research to better understand the influence of the environment on the behaviour and epigenetics of social insects was shared within the scientific community, through the participation in international and national conferences, the establishment of collaborations within the host institute and the publication of scientific manuscripts (in progress). In addition, several actions of engagement with the general public were also carried out locally (with beekeepers and in schools) but also through public debates to promote the importance and the intelligence of the honey bee.
