Description du projet
Dévoiler les bases moléculaires de la neurodégénérescence
L’amyotrophie spinale (AMS) et la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) sont des maladies neuronales motrices progressives aux effets dévastateurs sur les patients. Le projet Neurovulnerability financé par l’UE étudie le mécanisme suivant lequel la survie de la protéine des neurones moteurs (NMS) conduit à une dégénérescence sélective des motoneurones. Les chercheurs explorent la possibilité qu’une carence en NMS entraîne un dysfonctionnement du lysosome-autophagie qui entraîne l’accumulation d’agrégats intracellulaires et affecte des neurones spécifiques. À cette fin, ils utiliseront des cellules souches pluripotentes induites dérivées de patients pour étudier des sous-types neuronaux sélectifs et la drosophile pour identifier de nouvelles voies moléculaires essentielles à la neuropathologie NMS. Collectivement, l’étude de neurovulnérabilité est susceptible de dévoiler de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour les maladies des motoneurones.
Objectif
The mechanisms behind neuronal death in different motor neuron diseases (MND) remain unknown. These MNDs include the devastating spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A fascinating question in neurodegeneration research is why mutations in ubiquitously expressed genes result in the selective death of a specific neuronal subtype. The ubiquitously expressed and conserved survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein receives its name because its deficit results in MN degeneration. However, SMN known functions -spliceosome assembly and axonal mRNA transport- do not explain the selective MN vulnerability.
Accumulation of intracellular aggregates in neurons is a hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases. The lysosome-autophagy system is the main catabolic pathway for recycling of protein aggregates and damaged organelles, and its role as a quality control system is especially critical in neurons, due to their postmitotic and highly specialized nature. The hypothesis for this proposal is that SMN deficiency leads to a lysosome-autophagy dysfunction which results in a proteostatic failure, underlying MN degeneration. Furthermore, the existing heterogeneity in SMN protein levels across MN populations may determine their probability of survival.
To test these hypotheses we will use the CRISPR/Cas9 system to genetically engineer human control, SMA and ALS patient-derived iPSCs to generate isogenic and reporter lines that will allow us to study selective neuronal subtypes at a single-cell level. We will also follow an interdisciplinary approach using a SMA Drosophila model to identify new molecular pathways essential for SMN neuropathology. Altogether, my research proposal aims at untangling the molecular mechanisms underlying selective MN death. Our results will open up new directions of research into the molecular basis of neurodegeneration and will provide clues for the design of therapeutics targeting specific neuronal types or phases of MNDs.
Champ scientifique
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesneurobiology
- engineering and technologyenvironmental engineeringwaste managementwaste treatment processesrecycling
- engineering and technologyelectrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineeringelectronic engineeringcontrol systems
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesbiochemistrybiomoleculesproteins
- medical and health sciencesbasic medicineneurologyamyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
53127 Bonn
Allemagne