Descrizione del progetto
Strategie di adattamento preistoriche ai cambiamenti ambientali
Sedimenti lacustri naturali e insediamenti preistorici sommersi nei laghi delle attuali Albania, Grecia e Macedonia del Nord offrono l’occasione di approfondire i cambiamenti ambientali e della società all’origine dell’agricoltura europea, 8 000 anni fa. Il progetto EXPLO, finanziato dall’UE, propone un metodo interdisciplinare innovativo per approfondire le interfacce tra stili di vita umani, l’uso del suolo e l’ambiente del passato. Il progetto utilizzerà una combinazione unica di metodi di modellazione matematica dinamica (bayesiana), biologica e archeologica applicati alla dendrocronologia e alla datazione al radiocarbonio per determinare cronologie di insediamenti altamente precise. EXPLO unirà informazioni sul campo provenienti dagli scavi con dati paleoambientali esterni per rilevare strategie di adattamento del passato.
Obiettivo
European societies today face unprecedented environmental change. Understanding how human societies responded to past challenges of environmental change relates to the interface between culture and environment. The EXPLO project proposes a novel interdisciplinary approach to investigate key questions regarding the interaction between past human ways of life, land use and the wider environment through a unique combination of archaeological, biological and dynamic mathematical modelling approaches.
Archaeological prehistoric sites in lakes of northern Greece and the southern Balkans provide an excellent opportunity to investigate rich archives of societal and environmental change in the cradle of European farming. Natural lake sediments and submerged prehistoric settlements offer exceptional preservation conditions and uniquely holistic insights into past anthroposphere, biosphere and geosphere dynamics. More than 8,000 years ago, technological and social breakthroughs allowed the introduction of farming from western Asia to Greece and thus for the first time to Europe; however, so far there is no high-resolution picture of how this revolutionary innovation interacted with the environment, including its long-term consequences.
New underwater archaeological research will allow the construction of highly precise settlement chronologies on the basis of dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modelling. On-site information from excavations will be combined with off-site palaeoenvironmental data from the same lakes to investigate past adaptation strategies to the environment as well as the effects of past societies on their environments. Dynamic models integrating archaeological contexts and palaeoenvironmental data will open up the opportunity to investigate vulnerability, resilience, tipping points and thresholds of ancient agrarian economies, with implications for future food systems under a rapidly changing climate.
Campo scientifico
Parole chiave
Programma(i)
Argomento(i)
Meccanismo di finanziamento
ERC-SyG - Synergy grantIstituzione ospitante
3012 Bern
Svizzera