Description du projet
Comprendre les hétérogénéités sur le marché du travail
Les résultats en matière de politiques de marché du travail s’avèrent très hétérogènes selon les pays et le sexe. Le projet MaMiLabor, financé par l’UE, permettra de mieux comprendre les conséquences, voulues ou non, des différentes politiques publiques sur le comportement et la performance du marché du travail. D’un point de vue macroéconomique, il analysera le rôle des effets sur les revenus et de l’État providence en tant que moteurs des différences d’heures travaillées par niveau de développement. D’un point de vue microéconomique, MaMiLabor se concentrera sur les questions de genre en étudiant l’impact des politiques de congé de maternité sur la réussite des femmes sur le marché du travail, le rôle de l’expérimentation dans la réduction de la tendance des femmes à éviter les positions concurrentielles, et l’effet de la part croissante des femmes sur les salaires moyens d’une profession.
Objectif
This proposal analyzes labor markets from both a macro- and a microeconomic perspective. It consists of four subprojects with the common objective to significantly advance our understanding of heterogeneities in labor market behavior and outcomes. The subprojects lead to novel insights regarding the intended and unintended consequences of different public policies, ranging from educational policies over the welfare state to maternal leave policies. The starting point of the first subproject are recently documented patterns of hours worked by productivity on the aggregate and individual level. Based on a macroeconomic model, it analyzes the role of subsistence consumption and the welfare state as driving forces of hours worked differences by level of development. The remaining three subprojects focus on gender. The second subproject investigates whether maternity leave policies have negative consequences for the labor market success of women of child-bearing age by lowering the expected length of a match for employers. It exploits variation in maternal leave policies across German states in an empirical analysis, whose estimates inform a frictional labor market model that allows conducting counterfactual policy experiments. The third subproject asks whether the possibility of experimentation reduces the inclination of women to shy away from competitive settings. Exploiting both within- and cross-country variation, it tests whether the reversibility of choices in secondary school has an effect on the willingness of girls vs. boys to specialize in math-intensive subjects, and thereby ultimately on educational and labor market outcomes. The fourth subproject analyzes whether an increase in the share of women in an occupation leads to lower wages in this occupation due to the devaluation of its prestige. It uses the German reunification as a natural experiment to establish causal effects, relying on the different occupational distributions of East and West German women.
Champ scientifique
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Régime de financement
ERC-COG - Consolidator GrantInstitution d’accueil
60323 Frankfurt Am Main
Allemagne