Homo Juridicus: Correcting Law's Behavioural Illiteracy

Descripción del proyecto

Mejora de la eficacia jurídica

La investigación jurídica ha demostrado que las penas severas no disuaden de cometer actos ilegales. Las intervenciones que promueven el cambio de comportamiento de los reclusos son más eficaces, pero la nueva legislación ha endurecido las penas. Esto se debe a que los sistemas jurídicos no reconocen la función básica que desempeña la conducta y no han elaborado una teoría jurídica del comportamiento. El proyecto HomoJuridicus, financiado con fondos europeos, estudiará cómo influyen las leyes en la ilegalidad y analizará los defectos y prejuicios que afectan a las percepciones de los profesionales de la Justicia. Además, elaborará una jurisprudencia sobre el comportamiento con el fin de aumentar la eficacia del Derecho para mejorar el comportamiento.

Objetivo

Recent scientific research has revolutionised our understanding of how law can reduce misconduct. It shows that legal incentives are often flawed, and that strict punishment alone cannot deter misbehaviour. It offers a new approach for law to address wrongdoing, incorporating social norms and morals, tapping into unconscious cognition, and applying practical and technical interventions that obstruct misconduct. Yet, these fundamental insights continue to be ignored, and with every new disaster, scandal or major risk, we produce more rules with stronger punishment, without successfully addressing the true behavioural mechanisms at fault. The core problem is that the field of law has not made conduct central, nor produced a behavioural legal theory to guide these scientific insights into legal research, education and practice. As a result, legal rules to code conduct are made and operated by lawyers that are behaviourally illiterate. The proposed research will instigate the necessary behavioural revolution in the field of law. To do so, it will develop a behavioural jurisprudence through three steps. First, it will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the scientific insights about how legal rules affect misconduct. Second, it will empirically analyse flaws and biases in the behavioural assumptions of lawyers tasked with addressing misconduct. This will produce a fundamental critique of existing legal thinking, to be summarized in the Homo Juridicus, shorthand for the flawed legal model of human conduct just like behavioural economics helped produce the Homo Economicus to show the fallacies in traditional economic thinking. Third, the research will synthesize this into a behavioural jurisprudence offering a normative framework that makes successful internalization of positive conduct central in the field of law, and that guides legal research and education to incorporate the social science to enhance the effectiveness of law to improve behaviour.