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Neuron-associated macrophages in the gut as novel target for the treatment of enteric neuropathies

Description du projet

Lien établi entre la santé du système nerveux entérique et les macrophages résidents

Le tractus gastro-intestinal possède son propre système nerveux entérique (SNE). La neuropathie entérique (NE), le dysfonctionnement des neurones de la paroi intestinale, entraîne une stase du contenu luminal se manifestant par une malabsorption, des douleurs chroniques, des vomissements, des ballonnements et une constipation sévère. Le projet NEUMACS, financé par l’UE, teste l’hypothèse provocatrice selon laquelle l’altération du soutien apporté au SNE par une sous-population unique de macrophages associés aux neurones (NA-MF) provoque la neuropathie entérique, laquelle entraîne une détresse neurologique et une apoptose. À l’aide de méthodes innovantes, le projet permettra de caractériser les populations de NA-MF et d’étudier les mécanismes qui conduisent à leur incapacité à soutenir et à protéger le SNE. Les résultats du projet permettront d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour le traitement de la NE.

Objectif

The gastrointestinal tract has the vital task to digest and absorb ingested food, a complex process requiring coordinated integration of motility, secretion, vascularization and absorption. Thereto the gastrointestinal tract is equipped with its own nervous system, the enteric nervous system (ENS), capable of controlling gut function independently of input from brain or spinal cord. Reduction in number or dysfunction of the neurons within the gut wall, also referred to as enteric neuropathy, significantly impacts on gut function, resulting in stasis of luminal contents and malabsorption, chronic pain, vomiting, bloating and severe constipation. Enteric neuropathies are common in prevalent disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and ageing, all major contributors to the health burden. Despite the continuous global increase in incidence of these disorders, the insight in the mechanisms leading to the reduction or dysfunction of enteric neurons is limited and most importantly, adequate treatment is lacking. Recently, we collected evidence that survival of enteric neurons is guaranteed by a unique subpopulation of resident macrophages closely associated to the ENS and expressing a typical neuroprotective / -supportive transcriptome. In line, depletion of these neuron-associated macrophages (NA-MF) results in apoptosis and a reduction in number of enteric neurons leading to severely impaired gastrointestinal motility. We pose the provocative hypothesis that enteric neuropathy results from impaired support to the ENS by NA-MF, leading to neural distress and apoptosis. Using state-of-the-art methods, we will first characterize in depth the NA-MF population to subsequently unravel the mechanisms leading to failure of NA-MF to support and protect the ENS in animal models and in patients. These ground-breaking insights will allow us to identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of enteric neuropathies, representing an exponentially growing health problem of the 21st century.

Régime de financement

ERC-ADG - Advanced Grant

Coordinateur

KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN
Contribution nette de l'UE
€ 2 500 000,00
Adresse
Oude markt 13
3000 Leuven
Belgique

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Région
Vlaams Gewest Prov. Vlaams-Brabant Arr. Leuven
Type d’activité
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Liens
Autres sources de financement
€ 0,00

Bénéficiaires (1)