Description du projet
Le rôle de l’aspiration dans la pauvreté persistante
La pauvreté a été identifiée comme l’une des entraves à la réalisation du potentiel de chacun d’entre nous. Par ailleurs, le manque d’aspiration fait partie des causes potentielles de la pauvreté chronique. Stimuler les aspirations des enfants pauvres dès leur plus jeune âge constitue un moyen de sortir de ce cercle vicieux de la pauvreté. Le projet SOOCCESS, financé par l’UE, étudiera la façon dont la promotion d’environnements de réussite/d’échec permet de réduire les biais d’aspiration des personnes pauvres faisant l’objet de ségrégation, ce qui, selon la théorie, devrait accroître leurs chances d’échapper au piège de la pauvreté. Le projet mènera des expériences dans différents contextes culturels afin de déterminer la mesure dans laquelle l’exposition à des environnements de réussite/d’échec entraîne une diminution/augmentation prononcée des biais d’aspiration. En employant des méthodes de pointe issues de l’économie comportementale et expérimentale, SOOCCESS aspire à tester les prédictions de la théorie économique.
Objectif
From early childhood, many poor children brought up in segregated communities observe socio-economic failures such as poor living conditions, liquidity constraints, extremely high unemployment and low education levels attained by adults. Enhancing their aspirations is believed to be a tool capable of breaking one of the poverty feedback loops: poverty has been identified as a cause of the failure to aspire to one’s own potential, and at the same time, low aspirations are among the potential causes of persistent poverty. Consequently, adolescents from areas of high deprivation are generally believed to have low aspirations, though, in fact, their aspirations vary considerably, and may be generally high. This signals two main aspiration biases: aspirations failure and aspirational gap. This project is aimed to investigate how stimulating success/failure environments can reduce aspiration biases of the segregated poor, which, according to theory, should increase their chances to escape the poverty trap. The project has an interdisciplinary character: it is aimed to investigate the psychological construct of aspirations in the economic context in educational environments. Using cutting-edge methods from behavioural and experimental economics, we will experimentally investigate to what extent exposure to success/failure environments will lead to a significant decrease/increase in aspirational biases. From the methodological perspective, we will first design a novel approach to the experimental elicitation of aspirations, then we will design an experiment manipulating success/failure to assess their effects on aspirations. From the empirical viewpoint, using experimental data, the project will shed new light on the relationship between socio-economic background and aspirational biases, and thus test the predictions of economic theory. To address the concern of external validity, the proposed experiments will be conducted in different cultural settings.
Champ scientifique
Mots‑clés
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
DH1 3LE Durham
Royaume-Uni